TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mladenovic, Ivana O.
AU  - Boskovic, Marko V.
AU  - Vuksanović, Marija M.
AU  - Nikolić, Nebojša D.
AU  - Lamovec, Jelena S.
AU  - Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana G.
AU  - Radojević, Vesna
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5026
AB  - Mechanical (hardness and adhesion) and electrical (sheet resistance) characteristics of electrolytically produced copper coatings have been investigated. Morphologies of Cu coatings produced galvanostatically at two current densities from the basic sulfate electrolyte and from an electrolyte containing levelling/brightening additives without and with application of ultrasound for the electrolyte stirring were characterized by SEM and AFM techniques. Mechanical characteristics were examined by Vickers microindentation using the Chen-Gao (C-G) composite hardness model, while electrical characteristics were examined by the four-point probe method. Application of ultrasound achieved benefits on both hardness and adhesion of the Cu coatings, thereby the use of both the larger current density and additive-free electrolyte improved these mechanical characteristics. The hardness of Cu coatings calculated according to the C-G model was in the 1.1844-1.2303 GPa range for fine-grained Cu coatings obtained from the sulfate electrolyte and in the 0.8572-1.1507 GPa range for smooth Cu coatings obtained from the electrolyte with additives. Analysis of the electrical characteristics of Cu coatings after an aging period of 4 years showed differences in the sheet resistance between the top and the bottom sides of the coating, which is attributed to the formation of a thin oxide layer on the coating surface area.
T2  - Electronics
T1  - Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Copper Coatings Obtained by Various Electrodeposition Processes
IS  - 3
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/electronics11030443
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mladenovic, Ivana O. and Boskovic, Marko V. and Vuksanović, Marija M. and Nikolić, Nebojša D. and Lamovec, Jelena S. and Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana G. and Radojević, Vesna",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Mechanical (hardness and adhesion) and electrical (sheet resistance) characteristics of electrolytically produced copper coatings have been investigated. Morphologies of Cu coatings produced galvanostatically at two current densities from the basic sulfate electrolyte and from an electrolyte containing levelling/brightening additives without and with application of ultrasound for the electrolyte stirring were characterized by SEM and AFM techniques. Mechanical characteristics were examined by Vickers microindentation using the Chen-Gao (C-G) composite hardness model, while electrical characteristics were examined by the four-point probe method. Application of ultrasound achieved benefits on both hardness and adhesion of the Cu coatings, thereby the use of both the larger current density and additive-free electrolyte improved these mechanical characteristics. The hardness of Cu coatings calculated according to the C-G model was in the 1.1844-1.2303 GPa range for fine-grained Cu coatings obtained from the sulfate electrolyte and in the 0.8572-1.1507 GPa range for smooth Cu coatings obtained from the electrolyte with additives. Analysis of the electrical characteristics of Cu coatings after an aging period of 4 years showed differences in the sheet resistance between the top and the bottom sides of the coating, which is attributed to the formation of a thin oxide layer on the coating surface area.",
journal = "Electronics",
title = "Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Copper Coatings Obtained by Various Electrodeposition Processes",
number = "3",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3390/electronics11030443"
}

Mladenovic, I. O., Boskovic, M. V., Vuksanović, M. M., Nikolić, N. D., Lamovec, J. S., Vasiljevic-Radovic, D. G.,& Radojević, V.. (2022). Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Copper Coatings Obtained by Various Electrodeposition Processes. in Electronics, 11(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030443

Mladenovic IO, Boskovic MV, Vuksanović MM, Nikolić ND, Lamovec JS, Vasiljevic-Radovic DG, Radojević V. Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Copper Coatings Obtained by Various Electrodeposition Processes. in Electronics. 2022;11(3).
doi:10.3390/electronics11030443 .

Mladenovic, Ivana O., Boskovic, Marko V., Vuksanović, Marija M., Nikolić, Nebojša D., Lamovec, Jelena S., Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana G., Radojević, Vesna, "Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Copper Coatings Obtained by Various Electrodeposition Processes" in Electronics, 11, no. 3 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030443 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mladenović, Ivana O.
AU  - Lamovec, Jelena S.
AU  - Vasiljević-Radović, Dana G.
AU  - Vasilić, Rastko
AU  - Radojević, Vesna
AU  - Nikolić, Nebojša D.
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4816
AB  - The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while coating hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation test applying the Chicot-Lesage (C-L) composite hardness model. Depending on the conditions of electrolysis, two types of Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained mat coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The mat coatings showed larger both measured composite and calculated coating hardness than the mirror bright coatings, that can be explained by the phenomena on boundary among grains. Independent of electrolysis conditions, the critical relative indentation depth (RID) of 0.14 was established for all types of the Cu coatings, separating the zone in which the composite hardness can be equaled with the coating hardness and the zone requiring an application of the C-L model for a determination of the absolute hardness of the Cu coatings.
T2  - Metals
T1  - Implementation of the Chicot-Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
IS  - 11
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/met11111807
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mladenović, Ivana O. and Lamovec, Jelena S. and Vasiljević-Radović, Dana G. and Vasilić, Rastko and Radojević, Vesna and Nikolić, Nebojša D.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while coating hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation test applying the Chicot-Lesage (C-L) composite hardness model. Depending on the conditions of electrolysis, two types of Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained mat coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The mat coatings showed larger both measured composite and calculated coating hardness than the mirror bright coatings, that can be explained by the phenomena on boundary among grains. Independent of electrolysis conditions, the critical relative indentation depth (RID) of 0.14 was established for all types of the Cu coatings, separating the zone in which the composite hardness can be equaled with the coating hardness and the zone requiring an application of the C-L model for a determination of the absolute hardness of the Cu coatings.",
journal = "Metals",
title = "Implementation of the Chicot-Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes",
number = "11",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3390/met11111807"
}

Mladenović, I. O., Lamovec, J. S., Vasiljević-Radović, D. G., Vasilić, R., Radojević, V.,& Nikolić, N. D.. (2021). Implementation of the Chicot-Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes. in Metals, 11(11).
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111807

Mladenović IO, Lamovec JS, Vasiljević-Radović DG, Vasilić R, Radojević V, Nikolić ND. Implementation of the Chicot-Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes. in Metals. 2021;11(11).
doi:10.3390/met11111807 .

Mladenović, Ivana O., Lamovec, Jelena S., Vasiljević-Radović, Dana G., Vasilić, Rastko, Radojević, Vesna, Nikolić, Nebojša D., "Implementation of the Chicot-Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes" in Metals, 11, no. 11 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111807 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mladenovic, Ivana O.
AU  - Nikolić, Nebojša D.
AU  - Lamovec, Jelena S.
AU  - Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana
AU  - Radojević, Vesna
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4949
AB  - The mechanical characteristics of electrochemically deposited copper coatings have been examined by application of two hardness composite models: the Chicot-Lesage (C-L) and the Cheng-Gao (C-G) models. The 10, 20, 40 and 60 mu m thick fine-grained Cu coatings were electrodeposited on the brass by the regime of pulsating current (PC) at an average current density of 50 mA cm(-2), and were characterized by scanning electron (SEM), atomic force (AFM) and optical (OM) microscopes. By application of the C-L model we determined a limiting relative indentation depth (RID) value that separates the area of the coating hardness from that with a strong effect of the substrate on the measured composite hardness. The coating hardness values in the 0.9418-1.1399 GPa range, obtained by the C-G model, confirmed the assumption that the Cu coatings on the brass belongs to the "soft film on hard substrate" composite hardness system. The obtained stress exponents in the 4.35-7.69 range at an applied load of 0.49 N indicated that the dominant creep mechanism is the dislocation creep and the dislocation climb. The obtained mechanical characteristics were compared with those recently obtained on the Si(111) substrate, and the effects of substrate characteristics such as hardness and roughness on the mechanical characteristics of the electrodeposited Cu coatings were discussed and explained.
T2  - Metals
T1  - Application of the Composite Hardness Models in the Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Electrolytically Deposited Copper Coatings: The Effect of the Type of Substrate
IS  - 1
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/met11010111
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mladenovic, Ivana O. and Nikolić, Nebojša D. and Lamovec, Jelena S. and Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana and Radojević, Vesna",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The mechanical characteristics of electrochemically deposited copper coatings have been examined by application of two hardness composite models: the Chicot-Lesage (C-L) and the Cheng-Gao (C-G) models. The 10, 20, 40 and 60 mu m thick fine-grained Cu coatings were electrodeposited on the brass by the regime of pulsating current (PC) at an average current density of 50 mA cm(-2), and were characterized by scanning electron (SEM), atomic force (AFM) and optical (OM) microscopes. By application of the C-L model we determined a limiting relative indentation depth (RID) value that separates the area of the coating hardness from that with a strong effect of the substrate on the measured composite hardness. The coating hardness values in the 0.9418-1.1399 GPa range, obtained by the C-G model, confirmed the assumption that the Cu coatings on the brass belongs to the "soft film on hard substrate" composite hardness system. The obtained stress exponents in the 4.35-7.69 range at an applied load of 0.49 N indicated that the dominant creep mechanism is the dislocation creep and the dislocation climb. The obtained mechanical characteristics were compared with those recently obtained on the Si(111) substrate, and the effects of substrate characteristics such as hardness and roughness on the mechanical characteristics of the electrodeposited Cu coatings were discussed and explained.",
journal = "Metals",
title = "Application of the Composite Hardness Models in the Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Electrolytically Deposited Copper Coatings: The Effect of the Type of Substrate",
number = "1",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3390/met11010111"
}

Mladenovic, I. O., Nikolić, N. D., Lamovec, J. S., Vasiljevic-Radovic, D.,& Radojević, V.. (2021). Application of the Composite Hardness Models in the Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Electrolytically Deposited Copper Coatings: The Effect of the Type of Substrate. in Metals, 11(1).
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010111

Mladenovic IO, Nikolić ND, Lamovec JS, Vasiljevic-Radovic D, Radojević V. Application of the Composite Hardness Models in the Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Electrolytically Deposited Copper Coatings: The Effect of the Type of Substrate. in Metals. 2021;11(1).
doi:10.3390/met11010111 .

Mladenovic, Ivana O., Nikolić, Nebojša D., Lamovec, Jelena S., Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana, Radojević, Vesna, "Application of the Composite Hardness Models in the Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Electrolytically Deposited Copper Coatings: The Effect of the Type of Substrate" in Metals, 11, no. 1 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010111 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mladenovic, Ivana O.
AU  - Lamovec, Jelena S.
AU  - Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana G.
AU  - Radojević, Vesna
AU  - Nikolić, Nebojša D.
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4739
AB  - Mechanical features of the Cu coatings produced by the pulsating current (PC) regime on Si(111) substrate have been investigated. The Cu coatings were electrodeposited by varying duty cycle (15-50 %) and keeping the current density amplitude constant (100 mA cm(-2)), and by keeping duty cycle constant (50 %) but varying the current density amplitude value (80-120 mA cm(-2)). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) techniques showed that morphology of the coatings changed with increasing the duty cycle from those with large and well defined grains to uniform and compact fine-grained coatings. The Vickers microindentation technique was used for an examination of hardness applying the Chen-Gao (C-G) composite hardness model and indentation creep features of the Cu coatings. The obtained values of hardness for the Cu coatings on Si(111) in the 0.9069-1.5079 GPa range indicated the successful implementation of the C-G model for this "soft film on hard substrate" composite system. The obtained stress exponents ranging from 2.79 to 5.29 indicated that creep mechanism changed from grain boundary sliding to both dislocation climbs and dislocation creep with decreasing duty cycle values. The maximum hardness and minimum stress exponent was obtained for the fine-grained Cu coating produced with a duty cycle of 50 % and the current density amplitude of 100 mA cm(-2), indicating that its plastic deformation during microindentation was primarily caused by grain boundary sliding. Optimization of process formation and mechanical features of the Cu coatings was made using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and error of 3.2 % showed a good agreement between predicted and measured values.
T2  - International Journal of Electrochemical Science
T1  - Mechanical features of copper coatings electrodeposited by the pulsating current (PC) regime on Si(111) substrate
EP  - 12191
IS  - 12
SP  - 12173
VL  - 15
DO  - 10.20964/2020.12.01
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mladenovic, Ivana O. and Lamovec, Jelena S. and Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana G. and Radojević, Vesna and Nikolić, Nebojša D.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Mechanical features of the Cu coatings produced by the pulsating current (PC) regime on Si(111) substrate have been investigated. The Cu coatings were electrodeposited by varying duty cycle (15-50 %) and keeping the current density amplitude constant (100 mA cm(-2)), and by keeping duty cycle constant (50 %) but varying the current density amplitude value (80-120 mA cm(-2)). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) techniques showed that morphology of the coatings changed with increasing the duty cycle from those with large and well defined grains to uniform and compact fine-grained coatings. The Vickers microindentation technique was used for an examination of hardness applying the Chen-Gao (C-G) composite hardness model and indentation creep features of the Cu coatings. The obtained values of hardness for the Cu coatings on Si(111) in the 0.9069-1.5079 GPa range indicated the successful implementation of the C-G model for this "soft film on hard substrate" composite system. The obtained stress exponents ranging from 2.79 to 5.29 indicated that creep mechanism changed from grain boundary sliding to both dislocation climbs and dislocation creep with decreasing duty cycle values. The maximum hardness and minimum stress exponent was obtained for the fine-grained Cu coating produced with a duty cycle of 50 % and the current density amplitude of 100 mA cm(-2), indicating that its plastic deformation during microindentation was primarily caused by grain boundary sliding. Optimization of process formation and mechanical features of the Cu coatings was made using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and error of 3.2 % showed a good agreement between predicted and measured values.",
journal = "International Journal of Electrochemical Science",
title = "Mechanical features of copper coatings electrodeposited by the pulsating current (PC) regime on Si(111) substrate",
pages = "12191-12173",
number = "12",
volume = "15",
doi = "10.20964/2020.12.01"
}

Mladenovic, I. O., Lamovec, J. S., Vasiljevic-Radovic, D. G., Radojević, V.,& Nikolić, N. D.. (2020). Mechanical features of copper coatings electrodeposited by the pulsating current (PC) regime on Si(111) substrate. in International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 15(12), 12173-12191.
https://doi.org/10.20964/2020.12.01

Mladenovic IO, Lamovec JS, Vasiljevic-Radovic DG, Radojević V, Nikolić ND. Mechanical features of copper coatings electrodeposited by the pulsating current (PC) regime on Si(111) substrate. in International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 2020;15(12):12173-12191.
doi:10.20964/2020.12.01 .

Mladenovic, Ivana O., Lamovec, Jelena S., Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana G., Radojević, Vesna, Nikolić, Nebojša D., "Mechanical features of copper coatings electrodeposited by the pulsating current (PC) regime on Si(111) substrate" in International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 15, no. 12 (2020):12173-12191,
https://doi.org/10.20964/2020.12.01 . .