TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barcelo, Ernest
AU  - Dimić-Mišić, Katarina
AU  - Imani, Monir
AU  - Spasojević Brkić, Vesna
AU  - Hummel, Michael
AU  - Gane, Patrick
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5867
AB  - Nowadays, fossil fuels are used in a clearly unsustainable way that can bring potentially catastrophic consequences. Electricity is currently delivered to end users by generation and energy transmission companies. Previous research shows that the development of modern circular economy sets a need for the re-orientation of socio and economic development of decentralized systems, including energy basis. In addition to being ecological, the use of renewable energy sources also has economic significance by contributing to energy independence. Citizens, industries, local and national authorities become interconnected within emerging novel renewable energy sourcing communities, through which they establish trade of energy and, most importantly, models of investing and reshaping the distribution of renewable energy. The modern portfolio management of renewable energy networking is aiming toward decentralized systems of trade, where the consumer becomes a producer (prosumer) within the network, itself managed by users. Excess energy produced in the micro-grid nets within the over-arching national and transnational energy grid should be accounted for and managed with blockchain technology for financial and structural security. The decentralization of the energy market requires the establishment of strict norms that will regulate the market and taxation of profits arising. The extensive literature review on blockchain in the energy sector reflects a very pragmatic and narrow approach to the topic, although it is evident that the distribution of energy within the blockchain would enable economic development through reducing cost and ensuring more secure energy trade. Blockchain technology embeds the related digital codes, in which information will be visible to all, but also secured from hacking and duplicating. However, there are challenges to this paradigm, not least the energy consumption of the extensive nodal mesh required to perform the necessary protocols. This paper aims to provide an overview of the application of blockchain technology and the need for the development of the regulatory system and of potential solutions to the challenges posed. By undertaking an energy consumption analysis of blockchain implementation from first electronic principles, which has not been constructed before in the literature, this paper’s conclusion stresses the future demand for reducing energy consumption and considers the latest findings in the quantum coupling of light signals as a potential for solving the enormous ledger duplication structure problem.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Regulatory Paradigm and Challenge for Blockchain Integration of Decentralized Systems: Example—Renewable Energy Grids
SP  - 2571
VL  - 15 (3)
DO  - 10.3390/su15032571
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Barcelo, Ernest and Dimić-Mišić, Katarina and Imani, Monir and Spasojević Brkić, Vesna and Hummel, Michael and Gane, Patrick",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Nowadays, fossil fuels are used in a clearly unsustainable way that can bring potentially catastrophic consequences. Electricity is currently delivered to end users by generation and energy transmission companies. Previous research shows that the development of modern circular economy sets a need for the re-orientation of socio and economic development of decentralized systems, including energy basis. In addition to being ecological, the use of renewable energy sources also has economic significance by contributing to energy independence. Citizens, industries, local and national authorities become interconnected within emerging novel renewable energy sourcing communities, through which they establish trade of energy and, most importantly, models of investing and reshaping the distribution of renewable energy. The modern portfolio management of renewable energy networking is aiming toward decentralized systems of trade, where the consumer becomes a producer (prosumer) within the network, itself managed by users. Excess energy produced in the micro-grid nets within the over-arching national and transnational energy grid should be accounted for and managed with blockchain technology for financial and structural security. The decentralization of the energy market requires the establishment of strict norms that will regulate the market and taxation of profits arising. The extensive literature review on blockchain in the energy sector reflects a very pragmatic and narrow approach to the topic, although it is evident that the distribution of energy within the blockchain would enable economic development through reducing cost and ensuring more secure energy trade. Blockchain technology embeds the related digital codes, in which information will be visible to all, but also secured from hacking and duplicating. However, there are challenges to this paradigm, not least the energy consumption of the extensive nodal mesh required to perform the necessary protocols. This paper aims to provide an overview of the application of blockchain technology and the need for the development of the regulatory system and of potential solutions to the challenges posed. By undertaking an energy consumption analysis of blockchain implementation from first electronic principles, which has not been constructed before in the literature, this paper’s conclusion stresses the future demand for reducing energy consumption and considers the latest findings in the quantum coupling of light signals as a potential for solving the enormous ledger duplication structure problem.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Regulatory Paradigm and Challenge for Blockchain Integration of Decentralized Systems: Example—Renewable Energy Grids",
pages = "2571",
volume = "15 (3)",
doi = "10.3390/su15032571"
}

Barcelo, E., Dimić-Mišić, K., Imani, M., Spasojević Brkić, V., Hummel, M.,& Gane, P.. (2023). Regulatory Paradigm and Challenge for Blockchain Integration of Decentralized Systems: Example—Renewable Energy Grids. in Sustainability
MDPI., 15 (3), 2571.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032571

Barcelo E, Dimić-Mišić K, Imani M, Spasojević Brkić V, Hummel M, Gane P. Regulatory Paradigm and Challenge for Blockchain Integration of Decentralized Systems: Example—Renewable Energy Grids. in Sustainability. 2023;15 (3):2571.
doi:10.3390/su15032571 .

Barcelo, Ernest, Dimić-Mišić, Katarina, Imani, Monir, Spasojević Brkić, Vesna, Hummel, Michael, Gane, Patrick, "Regulatory Paradigm and Challenge for Blockchain Integration of Decentralized Systems: Example—Renewable Energy Grids" in Sustainability, 15 (3) (2023):2571,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032571 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ivanovska, Aleksandra
AU  - Barać, Nemanja
AU  - Radojević, Vesna
AU  - Uskoković, Petar
AU  - Janaćković, Đorđe
AU  - Barcelo, Ernest
AU  - Gane, Patrick
AU  - Kostić, Mirjana
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6821
AB  - Cellulose and cellulose-CaCO3 dopes were prepared by ultrasound dispersion of CaCO3 (0, 0.26,
or 0.65 w/w%) and dissolution of cellulose (13 w/w%) in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-
methylimidazolium acetate at 90 °C. Thereafter, the films were obtained by rode casting over a
pre-heated glass plate, together with methanol used as a regeneration agent. Subsequently, the
films were washed in hot water (80 °C) to remove the residual ionic liquid solvent - a process that
can be extended to recover ionic liquid for re-use. To impart antimicrobial properties to the
cellulose-CaCO3 composite films, selected samples of the wet films were treated with 10 mM
CuSO4 solution for different times (30, 60, and 120 min). Furthermore, half of these CuSO4 treated
films were subsequently treated with ascorbic acid to synthesise in situ Cu-based nanoparticles on
the film surface. After drying whilst held under tension at room temperature, the films were
characterised in respect to their mechanical properties as well as antimicrobial activity. The results
revealed that, in the case of films treated for 30 min with CuSO4 solution, the incorporation of
0.26 w/w% CaCO3 correlated with an increase in the film hardness, while in the case where the
treatment with CuSO4 solution was performed for longer (60 min) this hardness trend was
reversed. The elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of CaCO3. Only the films treated
with CuSO4, and those with Cu-based nanoparticles, possessed excellent antimicrobial activity
against the bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and the fungus C. albicans. However, the results in the case
of C. albicans, showed an additional dependence, in that films treated with CuSO4 solution for 60
min demonstrated increasing antimicrobial activity against the fungus specifically with increasing
CaCO3 content.
PB  - Belgrade : Materials Research Society of Serbia
C3  - Programme and The Book of Abstracts / Twenty-third Annual Conference YUCOMAT 2022 & Twelfth World Round Table Conference on Sintering XII WRTCS 2022, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, August 29 - September 2, 2022
T1  - Obtaining and characterising Cu-infused antimicrobial films formed from regenerated cellulose-CaCO3 composite
SP  - 90
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6821
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ivanovska, Aleksandra and Barać, Nemanja and Radojević, Vesna and Uskoković, Petar and Janaćković, Đorđe and Barcelo, Ernest and Gane, Patrick and Kostić, Mirjana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Cellulose and cellulose-CaCO3 dopes were prepared by ultrasound dispersion of CaCO3 (0, 0.26,
or 0.65 w/w%) and dissolution of cellulose (13 w/w%) in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-
methylimidazolium acetate at 90 °C. Thereafter, the films were obtained by rode casting over a
pre-heated glass plate, together with methanol used as a regeneration agent. Subsequently, the
films were washed in hot water (80 °C) to remove the residual ionic liquid solvent - a process that
can be extended to recover ionic liquid for re-use. To impart antimicrobial properties to the
cellulose-CaCO3 composite films, selected samples of the wet films were treated with 10 mM
CuSO4 solution for different times (30, 60, and 120 min). Furthermore, half of these CuSO4 treated
films were subsequently treated with ascorbic acid to synthesise in situ Cu-based nanoparticles on
the film surface. After drying whilst held under tension at room temperature, the films were
characterised in respect to their mechanical properties as well as antimicrobial activity. The results
revealed that, in the case of films treated for 30 min with CuSO4 solution, the incorporation of
0.26 w/w% CaCO3 correlated with an increase in the film hardness, while in the case where the
treatment with CuSO4 solution was performed for longer (60 min) this hardness trend was
reversed. The elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of CaCO3. Only the films treated
with CuSO4, and those with Cu-based nanoparticles, possessed excellent antimicrobial activity
against the bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and the fungus C. albicans. However, the results in the case
of C. albicans, showed an additional dependence, in that films treated with CuSO4 solution for 60
min demonstrated increasing antimicrobial activity against the fungus specifically with increasing
CaCO3 content.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Materials Research Society of Serbia",
journal = "Programme and The Book of Abstracts / Twenty-third Annual Conference YUCOMAT 2022 & Twelfth World Round Table Conference on Sintering XII WRTCS 2022, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, August 29 - September 2, 2022",
title = "Obtaining and characterising Cu-infused antimicrobial films formed from regenerated cellulose-CaCO3 composite",
pages = "90",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6821"
}

Ivanovska, A., Barać, N., Radojević, V., Uskoković, P., Janaćković, Đ., Barcelo, E., Gane, P.,& Kostić, M.. (2022). Obtaining and characterising Cu-infused antimicrobial films formed from regenerated cellulose-CaCO3 composite. in Programme and The Book of Abstracts / Twenty-third Annual Conference YUCOMAT 2022 & Twelfth World Round Table Conference on Sintering XII WRTCS 2022, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, August 29 - September 2, 2022
Belgrade : Materials Research Society of Serbia., 90.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6821

Ivanovska A, Barać N, Radojević V, Uskoković P, Janaćković Đ, Barcelo E, Gane P, Kostić M. Obtaining and characterising Cu-infused antimicrobial films formed from regenerated cellulose-CaCO3 composite. in Programme and The Book of Abstracts / Twenty-third Annual Conference YUCOMAT 2022 & Twelfth World Round Table Conference on Sintering XII WRTCS 2022, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, August 29 - September 2, 2022. 2022;:90.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6821 .

Ivanovska, Aleksandra, Barać, Nemanja, Radojević, Vesna, Uskoković, Petar, Janaćković, Đorđe, Barcelo, Ernest, Gane, Patrick, Kostić, Mirjana, "Obtaining and characterising Cu-infused antimicrobial films formed from regenerated cellulose-CaCO3 composite" in Programme and The Book of Abstracts / Twenty-third Annual Conference YUCOMAT 2022 & Twelfth World Round Table Conference on Sintering XII WRTCS 2022, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, August 29 - September 2, 2022 (2022):90,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6821 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kostić, Mirjana
AU  - Imani, Monireh
AU  - Ivanovska, Aleksandra
AU  - Radojević, Vesna
AU  - Dimić-Mišić, Katarina
AU  - Barać, Nemanja
AU  - Stojanović, Dušica
AU  - Janaćković, Đorđe
AU  - Uskoković, Petar
AU  - Barcelo, Ernest
AU  - Gane, Patrick
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5138
AB  - Cellulose-fibre lifecycle is severely limited within today’s recycling methodology. Feedstock cellulose and filler abound in products considered uneconomic, unsuitable for standard deinking or too weak for original product re-use. Regeneration of cellulose from ionic liquid (IL) solution offers a novel valorisation route with potential to replace oil-based plastics, simultaneously bringing filler-containing cellulose waste into circular economy. To exemplify, composite cellulose-CaCO3 filaments were produced from cellulose pulp and waste office paper (already containing 27 w/w% precipitated CaCO3filler), without any pretreatment, using diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium-acetate ([DHBN][OAc]) as IL solvent to form a dope. The dope suspension was extruded via dry-jet wet spinning. Surface morphology and elemental analysis were investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the degree of cellulose crystallinity. Static and dynamic mechanical properties were determined. Thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. Filaments obtained from waste office paper showed that high filler levels and the presence of print toner enhanced both mechanical and thermal stability, while decreasing, as expected, ultimate breaking strength in comparison to filaments containing virgin cellulose alone. For comparison, 2 w/w% ground CaCO3 introduced into pure cellulose dope led to significant increase in cellulose crystallinity and resulting stiffness, while thermal properties remained unchanged at the low level filler addition. Such addition of CaCO3 during cellulose regeneration, or usage of already filled paper, could be an effective way to obtain high strength cellulose-CaCO3 composite materials, thus valorising in a circular economy renewable cellulosic wastes rejected from the current recycling stream.
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
T2  - Cellulose
T1  - Extending waste paper, cellulose and filler use beyond recycling by entering the circular economy creating cellulose-CaCO3 composites reconstituted from ionic liquid
DO  - 10.1007/s10570-022-04575-w
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kostić, Mirjana and Imani, Monireh and Ivanovska, Aleksandra and Radojević, Vesna and Dimić-Mišić, Katarina and Barać, Nemanja and Stojanović, Dušica and Janaćković, Đorđe and Uskoković, Petar and Barcelo, Ernest and Gane, Patrick",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Cellulose-fibre lifecycle is severely limited within today’s recycling methodology. Feedstock cellulose and filler abound in products considered uneconomic, unsuitable for standard deinking or too weak for original product re-use. Regeneration of cellulose from ionic liquid (IL) solution offers a novel valorisation route with potential to replace oil-based plastics, simultaneously bringing filler-containing cellulose waste into circular economy. To exemplify, composite cellulose-CaCO3 filaments were produced from cellulose pulp and waste office paper (already containing 27 w/w% precipitated CaCO3filler), without any pretreatment, using diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium-acetate ([DHBN][OAc]) as IL solvent to form a dope. The dope suspension was extruded via dry-jet wet spinning. Surface morphology and elemental analysis were investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the degree of cellulose crystallinity. Static and dynamic mechanical properties were determined. Thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. Filaments obtained from waste office paper showed that high filler levels and the presence of print toner enhanced both mechanical and thermal stability, while decreasing, as expected, ultimate breaking strength in comparison to filaments containing virgin cellulose alone. For comparison, 2 w/w% ground CaCO3 introduced into pure cellulose dope led to significant increase in cellulose crystallinity and resulting stiffness, while thermal properties remained unchanged at the low level filler addition. Such addition of CaCO3 during cellulose regeneration, or usage of already filled paper, could be an effective way to obtain high strength cellulose-CaCO3 composite materials, thus valorising in a circular economy renewable cellulosic wastes rejected from the current recycling stream.",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media B.V.",
journal = "Cellulose",
title = "Extending waste paper, cellulose and filler use beyond recycling by entering the circular economy creating cellulose-CaCO3 composites reconstituted from ionic liquid",
doi = "10.1007/s10570-022-04575-w"
}

Kostić, M., Imani, M., Ivanovska, A., Radojević, V., Dimić-Mišić, K., Barać, N., Stojanović, D., Janaćković, Đ., Uskoković, P., Barcelo, E.,& Gane, P.. (2022). Extending waste paper, cellulose and filler use beyond recycling by entering the circular economy creating cellulose-CaCO3 composites reconstituted from ionic liquid. in Cellulose
Springer Science and Business Media B.V...
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04575-w

Kostić M, Imani M, Ivanovska A, Radojević V, Dimić-Mišić K, Barać N, Stojanović D, Janaćković Đ, Uskoković P, Barcelo E, Gane P. Extending waste paper, cellulose and filler use beyond recycling by entering the circular economy creating cellulose-CaCO3 composites reconstituted from ionic liquid. in Cellulose. 2022;.
doi:10.1007/s10570-022-04575-w .

Kostić, Mirjana, Imani, Monireh, Ivanovska, Aleksandra, Radojević, Vesna, Dimić-Mišić, Katarina, Barać, Nemanja, Stojanović, Dušica, Janaćković, Đorđe, Uskoković, Petar, Barcelo, Ernest, Gane, Patrick, "Extending waste paper, cellulose and filler use beyond recycling by entering the circular economy creating cellulose-CaCO3 composites reconstituted from ionic liquid" in Cellulose (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04575-w . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barać, Nemanja
AU  - Barcelo, Ernest
AU  - Stojanović, Dušica
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Uskoković, Petar
AU  - Gane, Patrick
AU  - Dimic-Misic, Katarina
AU  - Imani, Monireh
AU  - Janaćković, Đorđe
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5007
AB  - In this work, we examine two modifications of fine-ground calcium carbonate material (GCC) in order to enhanced sorption of NO2 and subsequent reaction properties toward NO2-/NO3- formation by firstly exposing the GCC to supercritical (sc) CO2 in order to increase particle surface area, a choice specifically made to avoid altering the surface chemistry, and secondly considering the potential advantage of using a surface coupling agent toward NO2. The modification by the coupling agent amino silane (AMEO silane) was applied in a supercritical CO2-ethanol mixture. The samples were characterised before and after modification by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), specific surface area determination (BET nitrogen adsorption), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ion chromatography to reveal the effects of the surface modification(s) on the morphology, surface textural properties and sorption versus reaction properties with NO2. The performance of the treated sorbents for NO2 capture was evaluated at room temperature. Results show that reactivity of NO2 with GCC was observed to increase as a function of increased surface area resulting from scCO(2) exposure, but that the presence of AMEO silane on the surface, while enhancing initial adsorption of NO2 was seen subsequently to act to block reactivity. Thus, judicious use of coupling agent can provide desired rapid initial adsorption of the gas, but the goal of long-term CaCO3-consuming reactivity, so as to prolong the uptake of NO2 beyond surface saturation alone, is achieved by increasing surface area while retaining chemical-free exposed CaCO3 surface.
T2  - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
T1  - Modification of CaCO3 and CaCO3 pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture for enhanced NO2 capture
EP  - 11717
IS  - 8
SP  - 11707
VL  - 29
DO  - 10.1007/s11356-021-16503-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Barać, Nemanja and Barcelo, Ernest and Stojanović, Dušica and Milovanović, Stoja and Uskoković, Petar and Gane, Patrick and Dimic-Misic, Katarina and Imani, Monireh and Janaćković, Đorđe",
year = "2022",
abstract = "In this work, we examine two modifications of fine-ground calcium carbonate material (GCC) in order to enhanced sorption of NO2 and subsequent reaction properties toward NO2-/NO3- formation by firstly exposing the GCC to supercritical (sc) CO2 in order to increase particle surface area, a choice specifically made to avoid altering the surface chemistry, and secondly considering the potential advantage of using a surface coupling agent toward NO2. The modification by the coupling agent amino silane (AMEO silane) was applied in a supercritical CO2-ethanol mixture. The samples were characterised before and after modification by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), specific surface area determination (BET nitrogen adsorption), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ion chromatography to reveal the effects of the surface modification(s) on the morphology, surface textural properties and sorption versus reaction properties with NO2. The performance of the treated sorbents for NO2 capture was evaluated at room temperature. Results show that reactivity of NO2 with GCC was observed to increase as a function of increased surface area resulting from scCO(2) exposure, but that the presence of AMEO silane on the surface, while enhancing initial adsorption of NO2 was seen subsequently to act to block reactivity. Thus, judicious use of coupling agent can provide desired rapid initial adsorption of the gas, but the goal of long-term CaCO3-consuming reactivity, so as to prolong the uptake of NO2 beyond surface saturation alone, is achieved by increasing surface area while retaining chemical-free exposed CaCO3 surface.",
journal = "Environmental Science and Pollution Research",
title = "Modification of CaCO3 and CaCO3 pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture for enhanced NO2 capture",
pages = "11717-11707",
number = "8",
volume = "29",
doi = "10.1007/s11356-021-16503-9"
}

Barać, N., Barcelo, E., Stojanović, D., Milovanović, S., Uskoković, P., Gane, P., Dimic-Misic, K., Imani, M.,& Janaćković, Đ.. (2022). Modification of CaCO3 and CaCO3 pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture for enhanced NO2 capture. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(8), 11707-11717.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16503-9

Barać N, Barcelo E, Stojanović D, Milovanović S, Uskoković P, Gane P, Dimic-Misic K, Imani M, Janaćković Đ. Modification of CaCO3 and CaCO3 pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture for enhanced NO2 capture. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022;29(8):11707-11717.
doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16503-9 .

Barać, Nemanja, Barcelo, Ernest, Stojanović, Dušica, Milovanović, Stoja, Uskoković, Petar, Gane, Patrick, Dimic-Misic, Katarina, Imani, Monireh, Janaćković, Đorđe, "Modification of CaCO3 and CaCO3 pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture for enhanced NO2 capture" in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, no. 8 (2022):11707-11717,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16503-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Imani, Monireh
AU  - Dimić-Mišić, Katarina
AU  - Kostić, Mirjana
AU  - Barać, Nemanja
AU  - Janaćković, Đorđe
AU  - Uskoković, Petar
AU  - Ivanovska, Aleksandra
AU  - Lahti, Johanna
AU  - Barcelo, Ernest
AU  - Gane, Patrick
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5220
AB  - It has been a persistent challenge to develop eco-friendly packaging cellulose film providing the required multiple barrier properties whilst simultaneously contributing to a circular economy. Typically, a cellulosic film made from nanocellulose materials presents severe limitations, such as poor water/moisture resistance and lacking water vapour barrier properties, related primarily to the hydrophilic and hygroscopic nature of cellulose. In this work, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and starch, both eco-friendly, non-toxic, cost-effective materials, were used to achieve barrier properties of novel cellulose–calcium carbonate composite films regenerated from paper components, including paper waste, using ionic liquid as solvent. AKD and starch were applied first into the ionic cellulose solution dope mix, and secondly, AKD alone was coated from hot aqueous suspension onto the film surface using a substrate surface precooling technique. The interactions between the AKD and cellulose film were characterised by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showing the formation of a ketone ester structure between AKD and the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. The presence of calcium carbonate particles in the composite was seen to enhance the cellulose crystallinity. The initial high-water vapour and oxygen transmission rates of the untreated base films could be decreased significantly from 2.00 to 0.14 g m−2 d−1, and 3.85 × 102 to 0.45 × 102 cm3 m−2 d−1, respectively. In addition, by applying subsequent heat treatment to the AKD coating, the water contact angle was markedly increased to reach levels of superhydrophobicity (>150°, and roll-off angle < 5°). The resistance to water absorption, grease-permeation, and tensile strength properties were ultimately improved by 41.52%, 95.33%, and 127.33%, respectively, compared with those of an untreated pure cellulose film. The resulting regenerated cellulose–calcium carbonate composite-based film and coating formulation can be considered to provide a future bio-based circular economy barrier film, for example, for the packaging, construction and agriculture industries, to complement or replace oil-based plastics.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Achieving a Superhydrophobic, Moisture, Oil and Gas Barrier Film Using a Regenerated Cellulose–Calcium Carbonate Composite Derived from Paper Components or Waste
IS  - 16
SP  - 10425
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.3390/su141610425
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Imani, Monireh and Dimić-Mišić, Katarina and Kostić, Mirjana and Barać, Nemanja and Janaćković, Đorđe and Uskoković, Petar and Ivanovska, Aleksandra and Lahti, Johanna and Barcelo, Ernest and Gane, Patrick",
year = "2022",
abstract = "It has been a persistent challenge to develop eco-friendly packaging cellulose film providing the required multiple barrier properties whilst simultaneously contributing to a circular economy. Typically, a cellulosic film made from nanocellulose materials presents severe limitations, such as poor water/moisture resistance and lacking water vapour barrier properties, related primarily to the hydrophilic and hygroscopic nature of cellulose. In this work, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and starch, both eco-friendly, non-toxic, cost-effective materials, were used to achieve barrier properties of novel cellulose–calcium carbonate composite films regenerated from paper components, including paper waste, using ionic liquid as solvent. AKD and starch were applied first into the ionic cellulose solution dope mix, and secondly, AKD alone was coated from hot aqueous suspension onto the film surface using a substrate surface precooling technique. The interactions between the AKD and cellulose film were characterised by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showing the formation of a ketone ester structure between AKD and the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. The presence of calcium carbonate particles in the composite was seen to enhance the cellulose crystallinity. The initial high-water vapour and oxygen transmission rates of the untreated base films could be decreased significantly from 2.00 to 0.14 g m−2 d−1, and 3.85 × 102 to 0.45 × 102 cm3 m−2 d−1, respectively. In addition, by applying subsequent heat treatment to the AKD coating, the water contact angle was markedly increased to reach levels of superhydrophobicity (>150°, and roll-off angle < 5°). The resistance to water absorption, grease-permeation, and tensile strength properties were ultimately improved by 41.52%, 95.33%, and 127.33%, respectively, compared with those of an untreated pure cellulose film. The resulting regenerated cellulose–calcium carbonate composite-based film and coating formulation can be considered to provide a future bio-based circular economy barrier film, for example, for the packaging, construction and agriculture industries, to complement or replace oil-based plastics.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Achieving a Superhydrophobic, Moisture, Oil and Gas Barrier Film Using a Regenerated Cellulose–Calcium Carbonate Composite Derived from Paper Components or Waste",
number = "16",
pages = "10425",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.3390/su141610425"
}

Imani, M., Dimić-Mišić, K., Kostić, M., Barać, N., Janaćković, Đ., Uskoković, P., Ivanovska, A., Lahti, J., Barcelo, E.,& Gane, P.. (2022). Achieving a Superhydrophobic, Moisture, Oil and Gas Barrier Film Using a Regenerated Cellulose–Calcium Carbonate Composite Derived from Paper Components or Waste. in Sustainability
MDPI., 14(16), 10425.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610425

Imani M, Dimić-Mišić K, Kostić M, Barać N, Janaćković Đ, Uskoković P, Ivanovska A, Lahti J, Barcelo E, Gane P. Achieving a Superhydrophobic, Moisture, Oil and Gas Barrier Film Using a Regenerated Cellulose–Calcium Carbonate Composite Derived from Paper Components or Waste. in Sustainability. 2022;14(16):10425.
doi:10.3390/su141610425 .

Imani, Monireh, Dimić-Mišić, Katarina, Kostić, Mirjana, Barać, Nemanja, Janaćković, Đorđe, Uskoković, Petar, Ivanovska, Aleksandra, Lahti, Johanna, Barcelo, Ernest, Gane, Patrick, "Achieving a Superhydrophobic, Moisture, Oil and Gas Barrier Film Using a Regenerated Cellulose–Calcium Carbonate Composite Derived from Paper Components or Waste" in Sustainability, 14, no. 16 (2022):10425,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610425 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gane, Patrick
AU  - Dimić-Misić, Katarina
AU  - Barać, Nemanja
AU  - Imani, Monireh
AU  - Janaćković, Đorđe
AU  - Uskoković, Petar
AU  - Barcelo, Ernest
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4529
AB  - Featured Application Surface flow filter for sorption of NOx in city/industrial pollution and conversion into a plant nutrient. Abstract NOx is unavoidably emitted during combustion in air at high temperature and/or pressure, which, if exceeding recommended levels, has a negative impact on the population. The authors found that when moist, limestone (CaCO3) readily sorbs NO2 to form calcium nitrate, which provides the basis for developing a surface flow filter. The substrate was made from "over-recycled" cellulose fibres such as newsprint, magazines, or packaging fibre, which are too weak to be used in further recycling. The substrate was specially-coated with fine-ground calcium carbonate and micro-nano-fibrillated cellulose, which was used as a binder and essential humectant to avoid formation of a stagnant air layer. Pre-oxidation countered the action of denitrification bacteria colonising the cellulose substrate. The by-product CO2 produced in situ during carbonate to nitrate conversion was adsorbed by perlite, which is an inert high surface-area additive. After use, the nitrate-rich CaCO3-cellulose-based filter was proposed to be mulched into a run-off resistant soil fertiliser and micronutrient suitable, e.g., for renewable forestry within the circular economy. Belgrade, Serbia, which is a highly polluted city, was used as a laboratory test bed, and NO2 was successfully removed from an inlet of city air. A construct of street-side self-draughting or municipal/commercial transport vehicle-exterior motion-draught filter boxes is discussed.
PB  - MDPI, Basel
T2  - Applied Sciences-Basel
T1  - Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy
IS  - 11
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.3390/app10113927
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gane, Patrick and Dimić-Misić, Katarina and Barać, Nemanja and Imani, Monireh and Janaćković, Đorđe and Uskoković, Petar and Barcelo, Ernest",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Featured Application Surface flow filter for sorption of NOx in city/industrial pollution and conversion into a plant nutrient. Abstract NOx is unavoidably emitted during combustion in air at high temperature and/or pressure, which, if exceeding recommended levels, has a negative impact on the population. The authors found that when moist, limestone (CaCO3) readily sorbs NO2 to form calcium nitrate, which provides the basis for developing a surface flow filter. The substrate was made from "over-recycled" cellulose fibres such as newsprint, magazines, or packaging fibre, which are too weak to be used in further recycling. The substrate was specially-coated with fine-ground calcium carbonate and micro-nano-fibrillated cellulose, which was used as a binder and essential humectant to avoid formation of a stagnant air layer. Pre-oxidation countered the action of denitrification bacteria colonising the cellulose substrate. The by-product CO2 produced in situ during carbonate to nitrate conversion was adsorbed by perlite, which is an inert high surface-area additive. After use, the nitrate-rich CaCO3-cellulose-based filter was proposed to be mulched into a run-off resistant soil fertiliser and micronutrient suitable, e.g., for renewable forestry within the circular economy. Belgrade, Serbia, which is a highly polluted city, was used as a laboratory test bed, and NO2 was successfully removed from an inlet of city air. A construct of street-side self-draughting or municipal/commercial transport vehicle-exterior motion-draught filter boxes is discussed.",
publisher = "MDPI, Basel",
journal = "Applied Sciences-Basel",
title = "Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy",
number = "11",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.3390/app10113927"
}

Gane, P., Dimić-Misić, K., Barać, N., Imani, M., Janaćković, Đ., Uskoković, P.,& Barcelo, E.. (2020). Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy. in Applied Sciences-Basel
MDPI, Basel., 10(11).
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113927

Gane P, Dimić-Misić K, Barać N, Imani M, Janaćković Đ, Uskoković P, Barcelo E. Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy. in Applied Sciences-Basel. 2020;10(11).
doi:10.3390/app10113927 .

Gane, Patrick, Dimić-Misić, Katarina, Barać, Nemanja, Imani, Monireh, Janaćković, Đorđe, Uskoković, Petar, Barcelo, Ernest, "Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy" in Applied Sciences-Basel, 10, no. 11 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113927 . .