TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kaminski, Piotr
AU  - Debczak, Agnieszka
AU  - Klimkowska, Kamila
AU  - Tyskiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Konkol, Marcin
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5190
AB  - The aim of this study was to provide insights into parameters that affect the oil extraction from an industrially valuable raw material (milk thistle) using green solvent supercritical CO2. The effect of plant origin, cultivation year, and seeds storage on extraction yield has been explored. Furthermore, the effects of high-pressure unit design and initial plant material amount have been examined. Pressure (200-450 bar) and temperature (40-80 °C) have been tested to improve the recovery of essential fatty acids and phenolic compounds. Moreover, solid residues after the material pretreatment and supercritical CO2 extraction served as the substrates for waste valorization. The characterization of obtained high-value extracts has been carried out by chromatographic (using gas chromatographs combined with mass spectrometer and flame ionization detection) and spectrophotometric assays (for total phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as a radical scavenging ability). It was shown that the tested supercritical CO2 extraction process parameters determined extraction kinetics and allowed the extract separation from raw milk thistle seeds and waste material (3-32 mass %) rich in linoleic acid (up to 515 mg/g) and total phenolic compounds (up to 30 mg GAE/g).
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
T2  - Journal of CO2 Utilization
T1  - Green manufacturing of high-value extracts from milk thistle seeds: Parameters that affect the supercritical CO2extraction process
SP  - 102134
VL  - 63
DO  - 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102134
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milovanović, Stoja and Lukić, Ivana and Kaminski, Piotr and Debczak, Agnieszka and Klimkowska, Kamila and Tyskiewicz, Katarzyna and Konkol, Marcin",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to provide insights into parameters that affect the oil extraction from an industrially valuable raw material (milk thistle) using green solvent supercritical CO2. The effect of plant origin, cultivation year, and seeds storage on extraction yield has been explored. Furthermore, the effects of high-pressure unit design and initial plant material amount have been examined. Pressure (200-450 bar) and temperature (40-80 °C) have been tested to improve the recovery of essential fatty acids and phenolic compounds. Moreover, solid residues after the material pretreatment and supercritical CO2 extraction served as the substrates for waste valorization. The characterization of obtained high-value extracts has been carried out by chromatographic (using gas chromatographs combined with mass spectrometer and flame ionization detection) and spectrophotometric assays (for total phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as a radical scavenging ability). It was shown that the tested supercritical CO2 extraction process parameters determined extraction kinetics and allowed the extract separation from raw milk thistle seeds and waste material (3-32 mass %) rich in linoleic acid (up to 515 mg/g) and total phenolic compounds (up to 30 mg GAE/g).",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
journal = "Journal of CO2 Utilization",
title = "Green manufacturing of high-value extracts from milk thistle seeds: Parameters that affect the supercritical CO2extraction process",
pages = "102134",
volume = "63",
doi = "10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102134"
}

Milovanović, S., Lukić, I., Kaminski, P., Debczak, A., Klimkowska, K., Tyskiewicz, K.,& Konkol, M.. (2022). Green manufacturing of high-value extracts from milk thistle seeds: Parameters that affect the supercritical CO2extraction process. in Journal of CO2 Utilization
Elsevier Ltd., 63, 102134.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102134

Milovanović S, Lukić I, Kaminski P, Debczak A, Klimkowska K, Tyskiewicz K, Konkol M. Green manufacturing of high-value extracts from milk thistle seeds: Parameters that affect the supercritical CO2extraction process. in Journal of CO2 Utilization. 2022;63:102134.
doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102134 .

Milovanović, Stoja, Lukić, Ivana, Kaminski, Piotr, Debczak, Agnieszka, Klimkowska, Kamila, Tyskiewicz, Katarzyna, Konkol, Marcin, "Green manufacturing of high-value extracts from milk thistle seeds: Parameters that affect the supercritical CO2extraction process" in Journal of CO2 Utilization, 63 (2022):102134,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102134 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Kamiński, Piotr
AU  - Dębczak, Agnieszka
AU  - Klimkowska, Kamila
AU  - Florkowski, Grzegorz
AU  - Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Konkol, Marcin
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6901
AB  - Milk thistle (Silybum marianum, Asteraceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine from ancient times mostly for treatment of liver disorders [1,2]. Nowadays it is an industrially valuable crop for preparation of herbal supplements reaching total sales of 16 million USD in the USA market [2]. The separation of valuable bioactive compounds from plant materials can be performed by several methods using organic and inorganic solvents. Nevertheless, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) that employs CO2 is considered a green alternative to other conventional extraction methods. In order to be economically viable, the SFE process should be optimized by selection of appropriate pressure and temperature conditions followed by a scale-up. The scale-up of the SFE process can be performed by keeping constant: the ratio of scCO2 flow rate to mass of bed raw material, the ratio of bed length and bed diameter or dimensionless number such as Reynolds number [3]. This study presents the scale-up of the SFE process, first by selection of optimal pressure (100, 200 and 300 bar) at moderate temperature of 40 °C using a lab scale unit (0.6 L), following by selection of optimal CO2 consumption per used plant material as well as optimal ratio of plant material mass per volume of extractor. Optimal parameters were further tested using a semi-industrial scale unit (40 L). The highest extraction yield obtained was 27%. The performed scale-up study showed a good agreement between lab and pilot scale units. The qualitative analysis performed using GC/MS showed that obtained extracts contained around 80% of unsaturated fatty acids. The quantitative analysis performed using GC/FID confirmed that predominant fatty acids were oleic and linoleic acids with a content in the range of 191-234 mg/g and 445-514 mg/g, respectively (depending on the SFE pressure). Total phenolic compounds were estimated in each extract by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay reaching ca. 90 mg GAE/g. The free radical scavenging capacity was analyzed by the DPPH assay showing value of IC50 (concentration of extract required for the 50% decrease in absorbance of the blank) to be ca. 13 mg/mL.
PB  - Coimbra : Universidade, Faculty of Sciences and Technology
C3  - Book of Abstracts / 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos) (EIFS2022), Coimbra, Portugal, 28 February - 2 March 2022
T1  - Scale-up of supercritical CO2 extraction process for production of milk thistle extract
EP  - 29
SP  - 28
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6901
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milovanović, Stoja and Kamiński, Piotr and Dębczak, Agnieszka and Klimkowska, Kamila and Florkowski, Grzegorz and Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna and Konkol, Marcin",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Milk thistle (Silybum marianum, Asteraceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine from ancient times mostly for treatment of liver disorders [1,2]. Nowadays it is an industrially valuable crop for preparation of herbal supplements reaching total sales of 16 million USD in the USA market [2]. The separation of valuable bioactive compounds from plant materials can be performed by several methods using organic and inorganic solvents. Nevertheless, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) that employs CO2 is considered a green alternative to other conventional extraction methods. In order to be economically viable, the SFE process should be optimized by selection of appropriate pressure and temperature conditions followed by a scale-up. The scale-up of the SFE process can be performed by keeping constant: the ratio of scCO2 flow rate to mass of bed raw material, the ratio of bed length and bed diameter or dimensionless number such as Reynolds number [3]. This study presents the scale-up of the SFE process, first by selection of optimal pressure (100, 200 and 300 bar) at moderate temperature of 40 °C using a lab scale unit (0.6 L), following by selection of optimal CO2 consumption per used plant material as well as optimal ratio of plant material mass per volume of extractor. Optimal parameters were further tested using a semi-industrial scale unit (40 L). The highest extraction yield obtained was 27%. The performed scale-up study showed a good agreement between lab and pilot scale units. The qualitative analysis performed using GC/MS showed that obtained extracts contained around 80% of unsaturated fatty acids. The quantitative analysis performed using GC/FID confirmed that predominant fatty acids were oleic and linoleic acids with a content in the range of 191-234 mg/g and 445-514 mg/g, respectively (depending on the SFE pressure). Total phenolic compounds were estimated in each extract by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay reaching ca. 90 mg GAE/g. The free radical scavenging capacity was analyzed by the DPPH assay showing value of IC50 (concentration of extract required for the 50% decrease in absorbance of the blank) to be ca. 13 mg/mL.",
publisher = "Coimbra : Universidade, Faculty of Sciences and Technology",
journal = "Book of Abstracts / 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos) (EIFS2022), Coimbra, Portugal, 28 February - 2 March 2022",
title = "Scale-up of supercritical CO2 extraction process for production of milk thistle extract",
pages = "29-28",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6901"
}

Milovanović, S., Kamiński, P., Dębczak, A., Klimkowska, K., Florkowski, G., Tyśkiewicz, K.,& Konkol, M.. (2022). Scale-up of supercritical CO2 extraction process for production of milk thistle extract. in Book of Abstracts / 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos) (EIFS2022), Coimbra, Portugal, 28 February - 2 March 2022
Coimbra : Universidade, Faculty of Sciences and Technology., 28-29.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6901

Milovanović S, Kamiński P, Dębczak A, Klimkowska K, Florkowski G, Tyśkiewicz K, Konkol M. Scale-up of supercritical CO2 extraction process for production of milk thistle extract. in Book of Abstracts / 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos) (EIFS2022), Coimbra, Portugal, 28 February - 2 March 2022. 2022;:28-29.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6901 .

Milovanović, Stoja, Kamiński, Piotr, Dębczak, Agnieszka, Klimkowska, Kamila, Florkowski, Grzegorz, Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna, Konkol, Marcin, "Scale-up of supercritical CO2 extraction process for production of milk thistle extract" in Book of Abstracts / 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos) (EIFS2022), Coimbra, Portugal, 28 February - 2 March 2022 (2022):28-29,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6901 .