TY  - CONF
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Krgović, Nemanja
AU  - Tadić, Vanja
AU  - Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Konkol, Marcin
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6907
AB  - Green tea is considered to be a plant with a variety of health benefits due to its antioxidative, antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. Besides the most important bioactive constituents, including
polyphenols, especially catechins, and flavonoids, green tea is rich in caffeine, and such complex composition
makes its extract suitable as a component of active food packaging or skin care systems [1,2]. The
technologies commonly proposed to obtain such materials involve some limitations, mainly related to the use
of liquid organic solvents that lead to low penetration of the active compound into the polymeric platform and,
consequently, limited loading efficiencies, non-unique dispersion, and solvent residue in the final material. An
excellent technique for direct loading of natural bioactive compounds from plant materials into polymeric
carriers that can overcome the aforementioned challenges is an integrated process accomplished by merging
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI). Therefore, in this study, the
preparation of two types of polymer films and their functionalization with green tea leaf extract using the SFESSI
process was tested.
Starch/chitosan (SC) films were prepared by mixing the 1% chitosan solution with the 1% starch solution in a
mass ratio of 1:1, while starch/chitosan/β-cyclodextrin (SCCD) films were prepared by addition of 1% β-
cyclodextrin to starch and chitosan to obtain the ratio of 1:1:1. After solvent casting and drying at room
temperature, the films were additionally dried in an oven overnight at 35 °C. Initially, supercritical CO2
(scCO2) extraction was investigated as a method for isolating the extract from green tea at temperatures of 35
and 70 °C and pressure of 30 MPa, with and without the ethanol as a co-solvent. The obtained extraction yields
ranged from 0.91 to 4.22%, being the highest at a higher temperature. The chemical composition of the
obtained extracts was determined, as well as the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC),
total chlorophyll, and total carotenoid content. HPLC analysis revealed that caffeine was the major constituent
of all extracts with the amount ranging from 24.1 to 202.9 mg/g. The IC50 values determined using the DPPH
assay showed that the extract obtained at 35 °C with the addition of ethanol exhibited the strongest antioxidant
activity. After determining the SFE conditions that gave the green tea extract with high content of bioactive
compounds, prepared films were impregnated using the integrated SFE-SSI process for 4 h at the same
conditions as scCO2 extraction. The loading of green tea extracts onto films was up to 7.7% showing that lower
temperature (35 °C) and the addition of ethanol had a favourable influence. The presence of the extract on the
surface of impregnated samples was confirmed by FTIR analysis.
PB  - Budapest : University of Technology and Economics
C3  - Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023
T1  - Selection of process conditions for the integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction from green tea leaves and impregnation onto polymer films
SP  - 124
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6907
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Milovanović, Stoja and Krgović, Nemanja and Tadić, Vanja and Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna and Konkol, Marcin",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Green tea is considered to be a plant with a variety of health benefits due to its antioxidative, antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. Besides the most important bioactive constituents, including
polyphenols, especially catechins, and flavonoids, green tea is rich in caffeine, and such complex composition
makes its extract suitable as a component of active food packaging or skin care systems [1,2]. The
technologies commonly proposed to obtain such materials involve some limitations, mainly related to the use
of liquid organic solvents that lead to low penetration of the active compound into the polymeric platform and,
consequently, limited loading efficiencies, non-unique dispersion, and solvent residue in the final material. An
excellent technique for direct loading of natural bioactive compounds from plant materials into polymeric
carriers that can overcome the aforementioned challenges is an integrated process accomplished by merging
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI). Therefore, in this study, the
preparation of two types of polymer films and their functionalization with green tea leaf extract using the SFESSI
process was tested.
Starch/chitosan (SC) films were prepared by mixing the 1% chitosan solution with the 1% starch solution in a
mass ratio of 1:1, while starch/chitosan/β-cyclodextrin (SCCD) films were prepared by addition of 1% β-
cyclodextrin to starch and chitosan to obtain the ratio of 1:1:1. After solvent casting and drying at room
temperature, the films were additionally dried in an oven overnight at 35 °C. Initially, supercritical CO2
(scCO2) extraction was investigated as a method for isolating the extract from green tea at temperatures of 35
and 70 °C and pressure of 30 MPa, with and without the ethanol as a co-solvent. The obtained extraction yields
ranged from 0.91 to 4.22%, being the highest at a higher temperature. The chemical composition of the
obtained extracts was determined, as well as the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC),
total chlorophyll, and total carotenoid content. HPLC analysis revealed that caffeine was the major constituent
of all extracts with the amount ranging from 24.1 to 202.9 mg/g. The IC50 values determined using the DPPH
assay showed that the extract obtained at 35 °C with the addition of ethanol exhibited the strongest antioxidant
activity. After determining the SFE conditions that gave the green tea extract with high content of bioactive
compounds, prepared films were impregnated using the integrated SFE-SSI process for 4 h at the same
conditions as scCO2 extraction. The loading of green tea extracts onto films was up to 7.7% showing that lower
temperature (35 °C) and the addition of ethanol had a favourable influence. The presence of the extract on the
surface of impregnated samples was confirmed by FTIR analysis.",
publisher = "Budapest : University of Technology and Economics",
journal = "Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023",
title = "Selection of process conditions for the integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction from green tea leaves and impregnation onto polymer films",
pages = "124",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6907"
}

Lukić, I., Milovanović, S., Krgović, N., Tadić, V., Tyśkiewicz, K.,& Konkol, M.. (2023). Selection of process conditions for the integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction from green tea leaves and impregnation onto polymer films. in Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023
Budapest : University of Technology and Economics., 124.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6907

Lukić I, Milovanović S, Krgović N, Tadić V, Tyśkiewicz K, Konkol M. Selection of process conditions for the integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction from green tea leaves and impregnation onto polymer films. in Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023. 2023;:124.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6907 .

Lukić, Ivana, Milovanović, Stoja, Krgović, Nemanja, Tadić, Vanja, Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna, Konkol, Marcin, "Selection of process conditions for the integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction from green tea leaves and impregnation onto polymer films" in Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023 (2023):124,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6907 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Grzegorczyk, Agnieszka
AU  - Świątek, Łukasz
AU  - Boguszewska, Anastazja
AU  - Kowalski, Rafał
AU  - Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Konkol, Marcin
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6713
AB  - Dandelion is a sustainable biomass that has occasional use in the food and pharmaceutical industry. However, commercial use of its extracts is restricted by the lack of systematic information on safety, composition, and biological activity. To broaden dandelion use, the present study brings new knowledge on extracts from dandelion seeds that could find application as safe and functional food ingredients. The employed two-step supercritical fluid extraction process, followed by the conventional extraction, enabled the separation of extracts with increased content of phenolics, tocopherols, and essential fatty acids. Those compounds were found to be the major components of dandelion extracts, reaching high values up to 799 mg GE/g, 249 mg α-TE/g, and 75%, respectively. The extracts also contained significant amounts of flavonoids (up to 20.5 mg QE/g) and pigments (chlorophyll A up to 1.0 g/kg, chlorophyll B up to 0.3 g/kg, and carotenoids up to 0.1 g/kg). This study revealed new bioproducts that express strong antioxidant (reaching IC50 values up to 132.5 μg/mL) and antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentrations up to 80.0 μg/mL). Among the tested 23 microbial strains, the extracts exhibited the strongest activity against food-borne pathogens Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, the antitumor and antiviral activity of separated dandelion biological products was evaluated.
PB  - Institution of Chemical Engineers
T2  - Food and Bioproducts Processing
T1  - Phenolic, tocopherol, and essential fatty acid-rich extracts from dandelion seeds: Chemical composition and biological activity
EP  - 81
SP  - 70
VL  - 142
DO  - 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.09.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milovanović, Stoja and Grzegorczyk, Agnieszka and Świątek, Łukasz and Boguszewska, Anastazja and Kowalski, Rafał and Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna and Konkol, Marcin",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Dandelion is a sustainable biomass that has occasional use in the food and pharmaceutical industry. However, commercial use of its extracts is restricted by the lack of systematic information on safety, composition, and biological activity. To broaden dandelion use, the present study brings new knowledge on extracts from dandelion seeds that could find application as safe and functional food ingredients. The employed two-step supercritical fluid extraction process, followed by the conventional extraction, enabled the separation of extracts with increased content of phenolics, tocopherols, and essential fatty acids. Those compounds were found to be the major components of dandelion extracts, reaching high values up to 799 mg GE/g, 249 mg α-TE/g, and 75%, respectively. The extracts also contained significant amounts of flavonoids (up to 20.5 mg QE/g) and pigments (chlorophyll A up to 1.0 g/kg, chlorophyll B up to 0.3 g/kg, and carotenoids up to 0.1 g/kg). This study revealed new bioproducts that express strong antioxidant (reaching IC50 values up to 132.5 μg/mL) and antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentrations up to 80.0 μg/mL). Among the tested 23 microbial strains, the extracts exhibited the strongest activity against food-borne pathogens Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, the antitumor and antiviral activity of separated dandelion biological products was evaluated.",
publisher = "Institution of Chemical Engineers",
journal = "Food and Bioproducts Processing",
title = "Phenolic, tocopherol, and essential fatty acid-rich extracts from dandelion seeds: Chemical composition and biological activity",
pages = "81-70",
volume = "142",
doi = "10.1016/j.fbp.2023.09.005"
}

Milovanović, S., Grzegorczyk, A., Świątek, Ł., Boguszewska, A., Kowalski, R., Tyśkiewicz, K.,& Konkol, M.. (2023). Phenolic, tocopherol, and essential fatty acid-rich extracts from dandelion seeds: Chemical composition and biological activity. in Food and Bioproducts Processing
Institution of Chemical Engineers., 142, 70-81.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2023.09.005

Milovanović S, Grzegorczyk A, Świątek Ł, Boguszewska A, Kowalski R, Tyśkiewicz K, Konkol M. Phenolic, tocopherol, and essential fatty acid-rich extracts from dandelion seeds: Chemical composition and biological activity. in Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2023;142:70-81.
doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2023.09.005 .

Milovanović, Stoja, Grzegorczyk, Agnieszka, Świątek, Łukasz, Boguszewska, Anastazja, Kowalski, Rafał, Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna, Konkol, Marcin, "Phenolic, tocopherol, and essential fatty acid-rich extracts from dandelion seeds: Chemical composition and biological activity" in Food and Bioproducts Processing, 142 (2023):70-81,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2023.09.005 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Stamenić, Marko
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Kowalski, Rafał
AU  - Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Konkol, Marcin
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6908
AB  - Investigations of the process of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) from dandelion were so far mainly
focused on extractions from herb, leaves and root [1-3]. In the work presented here, the extraction process
from seeds was investigated on a laboratory and semi-industrial scale equipment. The milled plant material
with an average particle size of 0.41 ± 0.02 mm was used in all experiments. All SFEs were conducted with
carbon-dioxide in supercritical state (SCCO2) as a solvent on pressure of 450 bar and temperature of 60°C, as
these parameters were previously shown to be optimal for obtaining high-value extracts from dandelion
seeds [4]. Experiments were conducted on laboratory (dia.=7.7 cm, vol=0.56 l, CO2 flow=11 kg/h) and semiindustrial
(dia.=23.5 cm, vol.=397 l, CO2 flow=240 kg/h) scale equipment. On both scales several
experiments were conducted with initial mass of the plant material (Ms) being the only variable parameter:
laboratory scale Ms=26–104 g; semi-industrial scale Ms=2.2–8.8 kg. Fractions of extract were collected
during the extractions in order to obtain data on the kinetics of the SFE processes.
The results of the performed
experiments are depicted in Figure 1.
It can be seen that for both scales the
rate of SFE, as well as the final yield,
increases with increase of the mass
of plant material, indicating that with
the selected conditions, namely
flowrate of CO2, the residence time
was not long enough to allow
saturation of the CO2 in the first part
of the process, nor to enable
extraction of all available extract.
Similar trends on both scales can be
perceived as a good basis for further
investigations aiming at scale-up of the process of SFE from dandelion seeds. Experiments with larger
packed bed height, which would enable higher residence times, should be conducted in order to achieve
saturation at least in the first part of the SFE process. Mathematical models of the SFE process, supported by
models for estimation of the kinetic parameters, should be applied to gain full insight into the
phenomenology of the SFE process.
PB  - Budapest : University of Technology and Economics
C3  - Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023
T1  - Supercritical fluid extraction from dandelion seeds
SP  - 136
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6908
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Stamenić, Marko and Milovanović, Stoja and Kowalski, Rafał and Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna and Konkol, Marcin",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Investigations of the process of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) from dandelion were so far mainly
focused on extractions from herb, leaves and root [1-3]. In the work presented here, the extraction process
from seeds was investigated on a laboratory and semi-industrial scale equipment. The milled plant material
with an average particle size of 0.41 ± 0.02 mm was used in all experiments. All SFEs were conducted with
carbon-dioxide in supercritical state (SCCO2) as a solvent on pressure of 450 bar and temperature of 60°C, as
these parameters were previously shown to be optimal for obtaining high-value extracts from dandelion
seeds [4]. Experiments were conducted on laboratory (dia.=7.7 cm, vol=0.56 l, CO2 flow=11 kg/h) and semiindustrial
(dia.=23.5 cm, vol.=397 l, CO2 flow=240 kg/h) scale equipment. On both scales several
experiments were conducted with initial mass of the plant material (Ms) being the only variable parameter:
laboratory scale Ms=26–104 g; semi-industrial scale Ms=2.2–8.8 kg. Fractions of extract were collected
during the extractions in order to obtain data on the kinetics of the SFE processes.
The results of the performed
experiments are depicted in Figure 1.
It can be seen that for both scales the
rate of SFE, as well as the final yield,
increases with increase of the mass
of plant material, indicating that with
the selected conditions, namely
flowrate of CO2, the residence time
was not long enough to allow
saturation of the CO2 in the first part
of the process, nor to enable
extraction of all available extract.
Similar trends on both scales can be
perceived as a good basis for further
investigations aiming at scale-up of the process of SFE from dandelion seeds. Experiments with larger
packed bed height, which would enable higher residence times, should be conducted in order to achieve
saturation at least in the first part of the SFE process. Mathematical models of the SFE process, supported by
models for estimation of the kinetic parameters, should be applied to gain full insight into the
phenomenology of the SFE process.",
publisher = "Budapest : University of Technology and Economics",
journal = "Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023",
title = "Supercritical fluid extraction from dandelion seeds",
pages = "136",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6908"
}

Stamenić, M., Milovanović, S., Kowalski, R., Tyśkiewicz, K.,& Konkol, M.. (2023). Supercritical fluid extraction from dandelion seeds. in Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023
Budapest : University of Technology and Economics., 136.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6908

Stamenić M, Milovanović S, Kowalski R, Tyśkiewicz K, Konkol M. Supercritical fluid extraction from dandelion seeds. in Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023. 2023;:136.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6908 .

Stamenić, Marko, Milovanović, Stoja, Kowalski, Rafał, Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna, Konkol, Marcin, "Supercritical fluid extraction from dandelion seeds" in Book of Abstract / 19th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, Hungary, 21-24 May 2023 (2023):136,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6908 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Dębczak, Agnieszka
AU  - Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Konkol, Marcin
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6904
AB  - Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is becoming an industry valuable crop due to the increase in its
utilization in the food and phytopharmaceutical industry. Nonetheless, its application is still limited
especially considering its extracts. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring dandelion seeds as
a source of bioactive compounds. For this purpose, an environmentally friendly supercritical CO2
extraction technique was employed and extracts were separated at pressures of 10-45 MPa and a
temperature of 313 K. Obtained extracts were characterized using a gas chromatograph equipped
with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (CGFID),
as well as by Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH assays using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. It was shown
that the selection of process pressure determined both extract yield and extract composition. An
increase in pressure increased extraction yield from 7.4 to 25.2% and the content of dominant linoleic
and oleic fatty acids (from 536.3 to 658.3 mg/g and 125.8 to 161.7 mg/g, respectively). Total phenolic
and flavonoid content in obtained extracts ranged from 5.5 to 9.0 mg GAE/g and from 208.6 to 497.5
mg QE/g, respectively. The strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with inhibition of 64.4% was
recorded for extract obtained at 10 MPa for extract solution concentration of 20 mg/mL. Obtained
results confirmed that extracts obtained from dandelion seeds are a valuable source of bioactive
compounds.
PB  - Zagreb : University, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology
C3  - Book of Abstracts / 4th Natural resources, green technology and sustainable development/ 4- GREEN2022, Zagreb, 14th - 16th September 2022
T1  - SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION FROM DANDELION: THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON EXTRACTS YIELD AND COMPOSITION
SP  - 101
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6904
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milovanović, Stoja and Dębczak, Agnieszka and Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna and Konkol, Marcin",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is becoming an industry valuable crop due to the increase in its
utilization in the food and phytopharmaceutical industry. Nonetheless, its application is still limited
especially considering its extracts. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring dandelion seeds as
a source of bioactive compounds. For this purpose, an environmentally friendly supercritical CO2
extraction technique was employed and extracts were separated at pressures of 10-45 MPa and a
temperature of 313 K. Obtained extracts were characterized using a gas chromatograph equipped
with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (CGFID),
as well as by Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH assays using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. It was shown
that the selection of process pressure determined both extract yield and extract composition. An
increase in pressure increased extraction yield from 7.4 to 25.2% and the content of dominant linoleic
and oleic fatty acids (from 536.3 to 658.3 mg/g and 125.8 to 161.7 mg/g, respectively). Total phenolic
and flavonoid content in obtained extracts ranged from 5.5 to 9.0 mg GAE/g and from 208.6 to 497.5
mg QE/g, respectively. The strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with inhibition of 64.4% was
recorded for extract obtained at 10 MPa for extract solution concentration of 20 mg/mL. Obtained
results confirmed that extracts obtained from dandelion seeds are a valuable source of bioactive
compounds.",
publisher = "Zagreb : University, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology",
journal = "Book of Abstracts / 4th Natural resources, green technology and sustainable development/ 4- GREEN2022, Zagreb, 14th - 16th September 2022",
title = "SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION FROM DANDELION: THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON EXTRACTS YIELD AND COMPOSITION",
pages = "101",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6904"
}

Milovanović, S., Dębczak, A., Tyśkiewicz, K.,& Konkol, M.. (2022). SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION FROM DANDELION: THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON EXTRACTS YIELD AND COMPOSITION. in Book of Abstracts / 4th Natural resources, green technology and sustainable development/ 4- GREEN2022, Zagreb, 14th - 16th September 2022
Zagreb : University, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology., 101.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6904

Milovanović S, Dębczak A, Tyśkiewicz K, Konkol M. SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION FROM DANDELION: THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON EXTRACTS YIELD AND COMPOSITION. in Book of Abstracts / 4th Natural resources, green technology and sustainable development/ 4- GREEN2022, Zagreb, 14th - 16th September 2022. 2022;:101.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6904 .

Milovanović, Stoja, Dębczak, Agnieszka, Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna, Konkol, Marcin, "SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION FROM DANDELION: THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON EXTRACTS YIELD AND COMPOSITION" in Book of Abstracts / 4th Natural resources, green technology and sustainable development/ 4- GREEN2022, Zagreb, 14th - 16th September 2022 (2022):101,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6904 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kamiński, Piotr
AU  - Milovanović, Stoja
AU  - Dębczak, Agnieszka
AU  - Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Konkol, Marcin
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6902
AB  - Plant milk thistle (Silybum marianum, Asteraceae) is a source of valuable bioactive compounds such as essential fatty acids and flavonolignans, that are commercially used in food and phytopharmaceuticals. These bioactive compounds are separated from plant material by conventional extraction methods using organic solvents such as n-hexane and high temperatures. In this manner bioactive compounds can be thermally degraded, organic solvent can remain in final products, and organic waste is generated. A green alternative to conventional extraction techniques is the supercritical extraction process (SCE), which employs CO2 as a solvent. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) has GRAS status and relatively mild critical parameters (Pc= 7.3 MPa and Tc=31.1 °C). Due to high diffusivity, low viscosity, and near-zero surface tension, it is widely used for the separation of bioactive compounds from plant material. It can be easily separated from the final product and fully recycled. In order to produce a high amount of valuable extract from milk thistle seeds in an environmentally friendly manner, the SCE process was tested at pressures of 10, 20, 30, and 45 MPa and temperatures 40, 60, and 80°C. Obtained extracts were characterized using a gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (CG-FID), as well as by Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH assays. It was shown that variation of the extraction pressure and temperature led to a significant variation in extraction yields (from 0.1 to 31.5%). Furthermore, the content of dominant essential fatty acid (linoleic acid) present in extracts ranged from 445 to 514mg/g. It was shown that the extract separated at 10 MPa and 40°C contained the highest amount of total phenolic compounds (138.0 mg GAE/g). The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=12.66 mg/mL) showed the extract obtained at 30MPa and 60°C. Obtained results gave valuable insights into the optimization of the SCE process for the production of solvent-free and biologically active extracts from milk thistle seeds.
C3  - 1st International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product(ICDSUPL)
T1  - Supercritical CO2 extraction from milk thistle: The effect of pressure and temperature
SP  - T012
VL  - 1
DO  - 10.24326/ICDSUPL1.T012
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kamiński, Piotr and Milovanović, Stoja and Dębczak, Agnieszka and Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna and Konkol, Marcin",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Plant milk thistle (Silybum marianum, Asteraceae) is a source of valuable bioactive compounds such as essential fatty acids and flavonolignans, that are commercially used in food and phytopharmaceuticals. These bioactive compounds are separated from plant material by conventional extraction methods using organic solvents such as n-hexane and high temperatures. In this manner bioactive compounds can be thermally degraded, organic solvent can remain in final products, and organic waste is generated. A green alternative to conventional extraction techniques is the supercritical extraction process (SCE), which employs CO2 as a solvent. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) has GRAS status and relatively mild critical parameters (Pc= 7.3 MPa and Tc=31.1 °C). Due to high diffusivity, low viscosity, and near-zero surface tension, it is widely used for the separation of bioactive compounds from plant material. It can be easily separated from the final product and fully recycled. In order to produce a high amount of valuable extract from milk thistle seeds in an environmentally friendly manner, the SCE process was tested at pressures of 10, 20, 30, and 45 MPa and temperatures 40, 60, and 80°C. Obtained extracts were characterized using a gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (CG-FID), as well as by Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH assays. It was shown that variation of the extraction pressure and temperature led to a significant variation in extraction yields (from 0.1 to 31.5%). Furthermore, the content of dominant essential fatty acid (linoleic acid) present in extracts ranged from 445 to 514mg/g. It was shown that the extract separated at 10 MPa and 40°C contained the highest amount of total phenolic compounds (138.0 mg GAE/g). The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=12.66 mg/mL) showed the extract obtained at 30MPa and 60°C. Obtained results gave valuable insights into the optimization of the SCE process for the production of solvent-free and biologically active extracts from milk thistle seeds.",
journal = "1st International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product(ICDSUPL)",
title = "Supercritical CO2 extraction from milk thistle: The effect of pressure and temperature",
pages = "T012",
volume = "1",
doi = "10.24326/ICDSUPL1.T012"
}

Kamiński, P., Milovanović, S., Dębczak, A., Tyśkiewicz, K.,& Konkol, M.. (2022). Supercritical CO2 extraction from milk thistle: The effect of pressure and temperature. in 1st International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product(ICDSUPL), 1, T012.
https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL1.T012

Kamiński P, Milovanović S, Dębczak A, Tyśkiewicz K, Konkol M. Supercritical CO2 extraction from milk thistle: The effect of pressure and temperature. in 1st International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product(ICDSUPL). 2022;1:T012.
doi:10.24326/ICDSUPL1.T012 .

Kamiński, Piotr, Milovanović, Stoja, Dębczak, Agnieszka, Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna, Konkol, Marcin, "Supercritical CO2 extraction from milk thistle: The effect of pressure and temperature" in 1st International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product(ICDSUPL), 1 (2022):T012,
https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL1.T012 . .