TY  - CONF
AU  - Vidak Vasić, Milica
AU  - Radovanović, Lidija
AU  - Radojević, Zagorka
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7357
AB  - The study makes a unique effort to characterize all the necessary characteristics of refractory clays and products fired at
temperatures between 1100 and 1300 °C on a laboratory level. For 19 composite samples from the recently opened
reservoir, thorough instrumental and ceramic-technological data are presented. The potential for using Serbian raw
refractory clays from the recently discovered deposit is investigated. The composites had a variety of qualities and varied
in composition, but they were majorly composed of kaolinite and illite and had a significant share of fluxes. The samples
had high quantities of clay minerals and organic matter, which is seen as the most intense mass loss in the 400–600 °C
range. Low-duty and high-duty refractories could be distinguished by their refractoriness over 1581 °C. This parameter
was mostly influenced by the content of alumina and kaolinite within the materials. Hydraulically-pressed ceramic tiles,
following the firing stage, showed water absorption was between 9.02–1.42 % and a modulus of rupture of 16.5 – 53.6
MPa. Color is determined by spectrophotometer and correlated to the composition of the initial clay and fired products.
For the lining of ceramic and glass furnaces, the majority of these clays can be used as natural refractory materials. Some
of the samples' organic content has a detrimental effect on the fast-firing procedure, since the occurrence of the entrapped
air (bloating).
PB  - Belgrade : Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia (AMES)
C3  - Congress Proceedings / 5th Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe MME SEE Congress 2023, Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7-10th June 2023
T1  - Raw kaolinitic-illitic clays for the production of refractory ceramics
EP  - 22
SP  - 17
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7357
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Vidak Vasić, Milica and Radovanović, Lidija and Radojević, Zagorka",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The study makes a unique effort to characterize all the necessary characteristics of refractory clays and products fired at
temperatures between 1100 and 1300 °C on a laboratory level. For 19 composite samples from the recently opened
reservoir, thorough instrumental and ceramic-technological data are presented. The potential for using Serbian raw
refractory clays from the recently discovered deposit is investigated. The composites had a variety of qualities and varied
in composition, but they were majorly composed of kaolinite and illite and had a significant share of fluxes. The samples
had high quantities of clay minerals and organic matter, which is seen as the most intense mass loss in the 400–600 °C
range. Low-duty and high-duty refractories could be distinguished by their refractoriness over 1581 °C. This parameter
was mostly influenced by the content of alumina and kaolinite within the materials. Hydraulically-pressed ceramic tiles,
following the firing stage, showed water absorption was between 9.02–1.42 % and a modulus of rupture of 16.5 – 53.6
MPa. Color is determined by spectrophotometer and correlated to the composition of the initial clay and fired products.
For the lining of ceramic and glass furnaces, the majority of these clays can be used as natural refractory materials. Some
of the samples' organic content has a detrimental effect on the fast-firing procedure, since the occurrence of the entrapped
air (bloating).",
publisher = "Belgrade : Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia (AMES)",
journal = "Congress Proceedings / 5th Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe MME SEE Congress 2023, Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7-10th June 2023",
title = "Raw kaolinitic-illitic clays for the production of refractory ceramics",
pages = "22-17",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7357"
}

Vidak Vasić, M., Radovanović, L.,& Radojević, Z.. (2023). Raw kaolinitic-illitic clays for the production of refractory ceramics. in Congress Proceedings / 5th Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe MME SEE Congress 2023, Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7-10th June 2023
Belgrade : Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia (AMES)., 17-22.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7357

Vidak Vasić M, Radovanović L, Radojević Z. Raw kaolinitic-illitic clays for the production of refractory ceramics. in Congress Proceedings / 5th Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe MME SEE Congress 2023, Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7-10th June 2023. 2023;:17-22.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7357 .

Vidak Vasić, Milica, Radovanović, Lidija, Radojević, Zagorka, "Raw kaolinitic-illitic clays for the production of refractory ceramics" in Congress Proceedings / 5th Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Congress of South-East Europe MME SEE Congress 2023, Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7-10th June 2023 (2023):17-22,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7357 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vidak Vasić, Milica
AU  - Terzić, Anja
AU  - Radovanović, Željko
AU  - Radojević, Zagorka
AU  - Warr, Laurence N.
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5301
AB  - Geopolymerization was investigated as an alternative to traditional ceramic products by developing a more sustainable approach that avoids thermal treatment. The study presents the first known alkali-activation of the raw clay and waste clay brick mixture using the solid to liquid ratios of 2.33 and 2.78. Several experimental sets were prepared to harden under varying conditions (2–4 days drying in 60 °C–70 °C and 3 h steam-curing). Non-activated and activated samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties after 14, 21, and 28 days. The tile-shaped specimens exhibited better initial drying behavior than the cubes and produced stronger materials with fewer cracks. Pre-curing in steam conditions induced higher flexural strength (13.7 MPa) and water absorption (13.13%) for the geopolymer tiles. The highest Si/Al molar ratio in the amorphous portion of 5.78 induced the best flexural strength. The geopolymerization process showed microstructural changes associated with the appearance of fibrous Na-zeolite nanocrystals. The degree of geopolymerization and zeolite formation was enhanced by steam-curing, but the microstructural stress and heterogeneity induced by the reactions resulted in higher water absorption. Ongoing reactions of amorphization in the bulk material and further crystallization at the surface are documented after 6 months of curing. This first detailed study reveals that the production of geopolymer ceramics from brick waste is possible, but further optimization of the activating solution and curing parameters is required.
PB  - Elsevier Ltd.
T2  - Applied Clay Science
T1  - Alkali-activated geopolymerization of a low illitic raw clay and waste brick mixture. An alternative to traditional ceramics
SP  - 106410
VL  - 218
DO  - 10.1016/j.clay.2022.106410
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vidak Vasić, Milica and Terzić, Anja and Radovanović, Željko and Radojević, Zagorka and Warr, Laurence N.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Geopolymerization was investigated as an alternative to traditional ceramic products by developing a more sustainable approach that avoids thermal treatment. The study presents the first known alkali-activation of the raw clay and waste clay brick mixture using the solid to liquid ratios of 2.33 and 2.78. Several experimental sets were prepared to harden under varying conditions (2–4 days drying in 60 °C–70 °C and 3 h steam-curing). Non-activated and activated samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties after 14, 21, and 28 days. The tile-shaped specimens exhibited better initial drying behavior than the cubes and produced stronger materials with fewer cracks. Pre-curing in steam conditions induced higher flexural strength (13.7 MPa) and water absorption (13.13%) for the geopolymer tiles. The highest Si/Al molar ratio in the amorphous portion of 5.78 induced the best flexural strength. The geopolymerization process showed microstructural changes associated with the appearance of fibrous Na-zeolite nanocrystals. The degree of geopolymerization and zeolite formation was enhanced by steam-curing, but the microstructural stress and heterogeneity induced by the reactions resulted in higher water absorption. Ongoing reactions of amorphization in the bulk material and further crystallization at the surface are documented after 6 months of curing. This first detailed study reveals that the production of geopolymer ceramics from brick waste is possible, but further optimization of the activating solution and curing parameters is required.",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
journal = "Applied Clay Science",
title = "Alkali-activated geopolymerization of a low illitic raw clay and waste brick mixture. An alternative to traditional ceramics",
pages = "106410",
volume = "218",
doi = "10.1016/j.clay.2022.106410"
}

Vidak Vasić, M., Terzić, A., Radovanović, Ž., Radojević, Z.,& Warr, L. N.. (2022). Alkali-activated geopolymerization of a low illitic raw clay and waste brick mixture. An alternative to traditional ceramics. in Applied Clay Science
Elsevier Ltd.., 218, 106410.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2022.106410

Vidak Vasić M, Terzić A, Radovanović Ž, Radojević Z, Warr LN. Alkali-activated geopolymerization of a low illitic raw clay and waste brick mixture. An alternative to traditional ceramics. in Applied Clay Science. 2022;218:106410.
doi:10.1016/j.clay.2022.106410 .

Vidak Vasić, Milica, Terzić, Anja, Radovanović, Željko, Radojević, Zagorka, Warr, Laurence N., "Alkali-activated geopolymerization of a low illitic raw clay and waste brick mixture. An alternative to traditional ceramics" in Applied Clay Science, 218 (2022):106410,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2022.106410 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vidak Vasić, Milica
AU  - Radovanović, Lidija
AU  - Pezo, Lato
AU  - Radojević, Zagorka
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5291
AB  - The usage possibility of 19 composites of raw refractory clays from Serbia containing approximately 53.29% of SiO2 and 26.73% of Al2O3 is presented. The sum of fluxing oxides was 57.74%, while these materials contained 32% of quartz, 29% of kaolinite and 26% of illite–mica. Dilatometry tests revealed a sudden shrinkage with the peak at approximately 1115 °C, owing to the formation of mullite. The refractoriness was in the range of 1581–1718 °C, which classifies the composites from low- to high-duty refractories. Based on correlation analysis, the refractoriness mostly depended on the content of alumina. The lightness of the fired test pieces was lower after firing when compared to the dry samples, and it decreased with the firing temperature from reddish to grayish. The study presents a novel attempt to define all the necessary properties of raw refractory clays and products fired at the 1100–1300 °C range on a laboratory level. Most of these clays can be used as natural refractory materials for ceramic and glass furnace lining. The organic matter in some of the samples influences negatively the fast-firing process.
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
T2  - Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
T1  - Raw kaolinitic–illitic clays as high-mechanical-performance hydraulically pressed refractories
EP  - 1803
IS  - 5
SP  - 1783
VL  - 148
DO  - 10.1007/s10973-022-11848-w
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vidak Vasić, Milica and Radovanović, Lidija and Pezo, Lato and Radojević, Zagorka",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The usage possibility of 19 composites of raw refractory clays from Serbia containing approximately 53.29% of SiO2 and 26.73% of Al2O3 is presented. The sum of fluxing oxides was 57.74%, while these materials contained 32% of quartz, 29% of kaolinite and 26% of illite–mica. Dilatometry tests revealed a sudden shrinkage with the peak at approximately 1115 °C, owing to the formation of mullite. The refractoriness was in the range of 1581–1718 °C, which classifies the composites from low- to high-duty refractories. Based on correlation analysis, the refractoriness mostly depended on the content of alumina. The lightness of the fired test pieces was lower after firing when compared to the dry samples, and it decreased with the firing temperature from reddish to grayish. The study presents a novel attempt to define all the necessary properties of raw refractory clays and products fired at the 1100–1300 °C range on a laboratory level. Most of these clays can be used as natural refractory materials for ceramic and glass furnace lining. The organic matter in some of the samples influences negatively the fast-firing process.",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media B.V.",
journal = "Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry",
title = "Raw kaolinitic–illitic clays as high-mechanical-performance hydraulically pressed refractories",
pages = "1803-1783",
number = "5",
volume = "148",
doi = "10.1007/s10973-022-11848-w"
}

Vidak Vasić, M., Radovanović, L., Pezo, L.,& Radojević, Z.. (2022). Raw kaolinitic–illitic clays as high-mechanical-performance hydraulically pressed refractories. in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Springer Science and Business Media B.V.., 148(5), 1783-1803.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11848-w

Vidak Vasić M, Radovanović L, Pezo L, Radojević Z. Raw kaolinitic–illitic clays as high-mechanical-performance hydraulically pressed refractories. in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2022;148(5):1783-1803.
doi:10.1007/s10973-022-11848-w .

Vidak Vasić, Milica, Radovanović, Lidija, Pezo, Lato, Radojević, Zagorka, "Raw kaolinitic–illitic clays as high-mechanical-performance hydraulically pressed refractories" in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, no. 5 (2022):1783-1803,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11848-w . .