TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lučić, Milica
AU  - Momčilović, Milan
AU  - Marković, Jelena
AU  - Jović, Mihajlo
AU  - Smiciklas, Ivana
AU  - Onjia, Antonije
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6329
AB  - The human health risks of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel
(Ni) in fifty regular and slim cigarette brands available in the
Serbian market were evaluated. Distributions on per-cigarette
basis concentrations of these metals, as determined by graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, were used as inputs in
the probabilistic risk assessment. The contents of these metals in
cigarettes varied significantly. Larger quantities of the studied
metals were observed in regular cigarettes than in slim cigarettes,
but the concentration levels per cigarette tobacco mass were
higher in slim cigarettes. The metal concentrations in counterfeit
cigarettes were marginally higher than those in authentic brands.
Based on the mean concentrations, Pb was the most abundant
toxic metal, followed by Ni and Cd. The calculated values of the
cumulative hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk
(ILCR) indicated a low noncarcinogenic risk and low but not negligible
carcinogenic risk from Cd, Pb, and Ni. The mean HI and ILCR
values obtained using probabilistic and deterministic approaches
were similar. A Monte Carlo simulation was employed to minimize
the uncertainty of health risk estimation. The sensitivity analysis
revealed that the most influential factor was cigarette mass followed
by Cd content.
PB  - Taylor & Francis
T2  - Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry
T1  - Monte Carlo simulation of health risk from cadmium, lead, and nickel in cigarettes
IS  - 2
VL  - 104
DO  - 10.1080/02772248.2023.2177291
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lučić, Milica and Momčilović, Milan and Marković, Jelena and Jović, Mihajlo and Smiciklas, Ivana and Onjia, Antonije",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The human health risks of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel
(Ni) in fifty regular and slim cigarette brands available in the
Serbian market were evaluated. Distributions on per-cigarette
basis concentrations of these metals, as determined by graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, were used as inputs in
the probabilistic risk assessment. The contents of these metals in
cigarettes varied significantly. Larger quantities of the studied
metals were observed in regular cigarettes than in slim cigarettes,
but the concentration levels per cigarette tobacco mass were
higher in slim cigarettes. The metal concentrations in counterfeit
cigarettes were marginally higher than those in authentic brands.
Based on the mean concentrations, Pb was the most abundant
toxic metal, followed by Ni and Cd. The calculated values of the
cumulative hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk
(ILCR) indicated a low noncarcinogenic risk and low but not negligible
carcinogenic risk from Cd, Pb, and Ni. The mean HI and ILCR
values obtained using probabilistic and deterministic approaches
were similar. A Monte Carlo simulation was employed to minimize
the uncertainty of health risk estimation. The sensitivity analysis
revealed that the most influential factor was cigarette mass followed
by Cd content.",
publisher = "Taylor & Francis",
journal = "Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry",
title = "Monte Carlo simulation of health risk from cadmium, lead, and nickel in cigarettes",
number = "2",
volume = "104",
doi = "10.1080/02772248.2023.2177291"
}

Lučić, M., Momčilović, M., Marković, J., Jović, M., Smiciklas, I.,& Onjia, A.. (2023). Monte Carlo simulation of health risk from cadmium, lead, and nickel in cigarettes. in Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry
Taylor & Francis., 104(2).
https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2023.2177291

Lučić M, Momčilović M, Marković J, Jović M, Smiciklas I, Onjia A. Monte Carlo simulation of health risk from cadmium, lead, and nickel in cigarettes. in Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. 2023;104(2).
doi:10.1080/02772248.2023.2177291 .

Lučić, Milica, Momčilović, Milan, Marković, Jelena, Jović, Mihajlo, Smiciklas, Ivana, Onjia, Antonije, "Monte Carlo simulation of health risk from cadmium, lead, and nickel in cigarettes" in Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 104, no. 2 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2023.2177291 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dragović, Snežana
AU  - Janković Mandić, Ljiljana
AU  - Momčilović, Milan
AU  - Onjia, Antonije
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7231
AB  - Background: Terrestrial radiation emitted from naturally occurring radionuclides, such as 40K and radionuclides from the 238U
and 232Th series and their decay products represent the main external source of irradiation to the human body. The purpose
of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the doses from terrestrial exposure of population in Serbia and to
estimate a potential radiation hazard for population inhabiting investigated areas.
Methods: The gamma dose rates, external hazard indexes, and annual effective doses due to terrestrial naturally occurring radionuclides
(
238U, 232Th and 40K) were calculated based on their activities in soil samples in Serbia as determined by gamma-ray spectrometry.
Results: The total absorbed gamma dose rate due to these radionuclides varied from 16.9 to 125 nGy h-1, with a mean of 62.8
nGy h-1. Assuming a 20% occupancy factor, the corresponding annual effective dose varied from 2.07 to 15.4×10-5 Sv with
the mean value of 7.7×10-5 Sv, i.e. annual effective dose was in range of the world wide average values.
Conclusion: According to the values of external hazard index obtained in this study (mean Hex = 0.35), the radiation hazard
was insignificant for the population living in investigated areas.
PB  - Institute of Oncology
T2  - Archive of Oncology
T1  - Population doses from terrestrial gamma exposure in Serbia
EP  - 80
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 78
VL  - 15
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7231
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dragović, Snežana and Janković Mandić, Ljiljana and Momčilović, Milan and Onjia, Antonije",
year = "2007",
abstract = "Background: Terrestrial radiation emitted from naturally occurring radionuclides, such as 40K and radionuclides from the 238U
and 232Th series and their decay products represent the main external source of irradiation to the human body. The purpose
of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the doses from terrestrial exposure of population in Serbia and to
estimate a potential radiation hazard for population inhabiting investigated areas.
Methods: The gamma dose rates, external hazard indexes, and annual effective doses due to terrestrial naturally occurring radionuclides
(
238U, 232Th and 40K) were calculated based on their activities in soil samples in Serbia as determined by gamma-ray spectrometry.
Results: The total absorbed gamma dose rate due to these radionuclides varied from 16.9 to 125 nGy h-1, with a mean of 62.8
nGy h-1. Assuming a 20% occupancy factor, the corresponding annual effective dose varied from 2.07 to 15.4×10-5 Sv with
the mean value of 7.7×10-5 Sv, i.e. annual effective dose was in range of the world wide average values.
Conclusion: According to the values of external hazard index obtained in this study (mean Hex = 0.35), the radiation hazard
was insignificant for the population living in investigated areas.",
publisher = "Institute of Oncology",
journal = "Archive of Oncology",
title = "Population doses from terrestrial gamma exposure in Serbia",
pages = "80-78",
number = "3-4",
volume = "15",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7231"
}

Dragović, S., Janković Mandić, L., Momčilović, M.,& Onjia, A.. (2007). Population doses from terrestrial gamma exposure in Serbia. in Archive of Oncology
Institute of Oncology., 15(3-4), 78-80.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7231

Dragović S, Janković Mandić L, Momčilović M, Onjia A. Population doses from terrestrial gamma exposure in Serbia. in Archive of Oncology. 2007;15(3-4):78-80.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7231 .

Dragović, Snežana, Janković Mandić, Ljiljana, Momčilović, Milan, Onjia, Antonije, "Population doses from terrestrial gamma exposure in Serbia" in Archive of Oncology, 15, no. 3-4 (2007):78-80,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7231 .