TY  - CONF
AU  - Savić, Sanja
AU  - Pantić, Olga
AU  - Vicente, Filipa A.
AU  - Novak, Uroš
AU  - Likozar, Blaž
AU  - Panić, Vesna
AU  - Marković, Maja
AU  - Spasojević, Pavle
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6861
AB  - Fruits are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, due to their nutrients and health-promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of fruits, have increased very significantly to fulfil the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. The fruit waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds. The apple pomace is rich in pectic substances and represents important raw material for pectin production all around the world. For example, the portion of residual apple pomace makes about 13 % of the total waste material and on the basis of dry mass, it contains 10–15% pectin. Currently, it is either used for animal feeding or is disposed of as an industrial waste. The extraction of pectin is usually performed using mineral acids, yielding a reasonable quantity of product while also saving time in the process. Even though pectin has various applications in the food manufacturing industry, consumers have a negative perception upon learning that strong acids are used in pectin extraction. Furthermore, high acidity speeds up corrosion and rust formation of the apparatus, leading to water pollution which contributes to environmental concerns.
The present study reports the lab-scale procedure for extraction of pectin from the waste industrial apple pomace using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as extraction medium. DESs turned to be an excellent choice for extraction because they are non-volatile at room temperature and non-toxic, while the majority of DESs are water-miscible depending on their components. The process consisted of the processing of apples, employing milling, enzymatic digestion and pressing. The further analysis included temperature and ultrasound assisted extraction and purification of pectin as well as the detailed physicochemical analysis of the obtained product. The applied procedure has resulted in satisfactory yields under mild extraction conditions, optimal extraction time and industrially preferred properties of the isolated pectin.
PB  - Ljubljana : National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering
C3  - Book of Abstracts / Next Challenges of Biorefineries, 3rd BioSPRINT Workshop 2nd Bilateral Workshop Portugal, Slovenia, June 14-15, 2023
T1  - Deep eutectic solvents mediated extraction of pectin from apple pomace: Optimization and characterization studies
SP  - 25
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6861
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Savić, Sanja and Pantić, Olga and Vicente, Filipa A. and Novak, Uroš and Likozar, Blaž and Panić, Vesna and Marković, Maja and Spasojević, Pavle",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Fruits are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, due to their nutrients and health-promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of fruits, have increased very significantly to fulfil the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. The fruit waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds. The apple pomace is rich in pectic substances and represents important raw material for pectin production all around the world. For example, the portion of residual apple pomace makes about 13 % of the total waste material and on the basis of dry mass, it contains 10–15% pectin. Currently, it is either used for animal feeding or is disposed of as an industrial waste. The extraction of pectin is usually performed using mineral acids, yielding a reasonable quantity of product while also saving time in the process. Even though pectin has various applications in the food manufacturing industry, consumers have a negative perception upon learning that strong acids are used in pectin extraction. Furthermore, high acidity speeds up corrosion and rust formation of the apparatus, leading to water pollution which contributes to environmental concerns.
The present study reports the lab-scale procedure for extraction of pectin from the waste industrial apple pomace using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as extraction medium. DESs turned to be an excellent choice for extraction because they are non-volatile at room temperature and non-toxic, while the majority of DESs are water-miscible depending on their components. The process consisted of the processing of apples, employing milling, enzymatic digestion and pressing. The further analysis included temperature and ultrasound assisted extraction and purification of pectin as well as the detailed physicochemical analysis of the obtained product. The applied procedure has resulted in satisfactory yields under mild extraction conditions, optimal extraction time and industrially preferred properties of the isolated pectin.",
publisher = "Ljubljana : National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering",
journal = "Book of Abstracts / Next Challenges of Biorefineries, 3rd BioSPRINT Workshop 2nd Bilateral Workshop Portugal, Slovenia, June 14-15, 2023",
title = "Deep eutectic solvents mediated extraction of pectin from apple pomace: Optimization and characterization studies",
pages = "25",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6861"
}

Savić, S., Pantić, O., Vicente, F. A., Novak, U., Likozar, B., Panić, V., Marković, M.,& Spasojević, P.. (2023). Deep eutectic solvents mediated extraction of pectin from apple pomace: Optimization and characterization studies. in Book of Abstracts / Next Challenges of Biorefineries, 3rd BioSPRINT Workshop 2nd Bilateral Workshop Portugal, Slovenia, June 14-15, 2023
Ljubljana : National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering., 25.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6861

Savić S, Pantić O, Vicente FA, Novak U, Likozar B, Panić V, Marković M, Spasojević P. Deep eutectic solvents mediated extraction of pectin from apple pomace: Optimization and characterization studies. in Book of Abstracts / Next Challenges of Biorefineries, 3rd BioSPRINT Workshop 2nd Bilateral Workshop Portugal, Slovenia, June 14-15, 2023. 2023;:25.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6861 .

Savić, Sanja, Pantić, Olga, Vicente, Filipa A., Novak, Uroš, Likozar, Blaž, Panić, Vesna, Marković, Maja, Spasojević, Pavle, "Deep eutectic solvents mediated extraction of pectin from apple pomace: Optimization and characterization studies" in Book of Abstracts / Next Challenges of Biorefineries, 3rd BioSPRINT Workshop 2nd Bilateral Workshop Portugal, Slovenia, June 14-15, 2023 (2023):25,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6861 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Savić, Sanja
AU  - Panić, Vesna
AU  - Spasojević, Pavle
AU  - Pantić, Olga
AU  - Marković, Maja
AU  - Vicente, Filipa A.
AU  - Novak, Uroš
AU  - Likozar, Blaž
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6868
AB  - The present study reports the development of the lab-scale procedure for extraction of pectin
from the waste industrial apple pomace using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as extraction medium.
Compared with conventional extraction solvents, DES have attracted considerable attention due
to the fact that they not only are eco-friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable organic compounds

but also have a low cost, being easy to produce in the own laboratory. The research included a’

screening study that covered extraction using different DES based on choline chloride ([Ch]Cl) as
hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and organic acids as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). The applied
HBA:HBD molar ratio was 1:2. The pectin was extracted by employing solid-liquid (SLE) and
ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The DES based on [Ch]Cl and lactic acid turned to be most
promising in terms of obtained extraction yields, that reached 35% when applying UAE. It has
been shown that structure of HBD plays a major role with its hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity
influencing the number of established bonds. The HBD with lower amount of carbon molecules
and higher number of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups formed DES that are more efficient at
extracting pectin. Hidotopy study showed significant influence of water on pectin yield due to
more prominent hydrogen interaction established in the system. Depending on the type of DES,
the highest yields were obtained at 30-50 wt% of water, while an additional increase in water
content resulted in reduced yield. The structural properties of extracted pectin, including
esterification degree, was determined using FTIR spectroscopy.
PB  - University of North Texas
C3  - Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France
T1  - PERSPECTIVES OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS FOR EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM WASTE APPLE POMACE
SP  - 54
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6868
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Savić, Sanja and Panić, Vesna and Spasojević, Pavle and Pantić, Olga and Marković, Maja and Vicente, Filipa A. and Novak, Uroš and Likozar, Blaž",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The present study reports the development of the lab-scale procedure for extraction of pectin
from the waste industrial apple pomace using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as extraction medium.
Compared with conventional extraction solvents, DES have attracted considerable attention due
to the fact that they not only are eco-friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable organic compounds

but also have a low cost, being easy to produce in the own laboratory. The research included a’

screening study that covered extraction using different DES based on choline chloride ([Ch]Cl) as
hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and organic acids as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). The applied
HBA:HBD molar ratio was 1:2. The pectin was extracted by employing solid-liquid (SLE) and
ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The DES based on [Ch]Cl and lactic acid turned to be most
promising in terms of obtained extraction yields, that reached 35% when applying UAE. It has
been shown that structure of HBD plays a major role with its hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity
influencing the number of established bonds. The HBD with lower amount of carbon molecules
and higher number of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups formed DES that are more efficient at
extracting pectin. Hidotopy study showed significant influence of water on pectin yield due to
more prominent hydrogen interaction established in the system. Depending on the type of DES,
the highest yields were obtained at 30-50 wt% of water, while an additional increase in water
content resulted in reduced yield. The structural properties of extracted pectin, including
esterification degree, was determined using FTIR spectroscopy.",
publisher = "University of North Texas",
journal = "Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France",
title = "PERSPECTIVES OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS FOR EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM WASTE APPLE POMACE",
pages = "54",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6868"
}

Savić, S., Panić, V., Spasojević, P., Pantić, O., Marković, M., Vicente, F. A., Novak, U.,& Likozar, B.. (2023). PERSPECTIVES OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS FOR EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM WASTE APPLE POMACE. in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France
University of North Texas., 54.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6868

Savić S, Panić V, Spasojević P, Pantić O, Marković M, Vicente FA, Novak U, Likozar B. PERSPECTIVES OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS FOR EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM WASTE APPLE POMACE. in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France. 2023;:54.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6868 .

Savić, Sanja, Panić, Vesna, Spasojević, Pavle, Pantić, Olga, Marković, Maja, Vicente, Filipa A., Novak, Uroš, Likozar, Blaž, "PERSPECTIVES OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS FOR EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM WASTE APPLE POMACE" in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France (2023):54,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6868 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pantić, Olga
AU  - Spasojević, Milica
AU  - Džunuzović, Enis
AU  - Nikolić, Marija S.
AU  - Savić, Sanja
AU  - Marković, Maja
AU  - Spasojević, Pavle
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5160
AB  - The scope of the present study was to prepare fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) with comparable properties to the commercial formulations. The focus was set on the determination of the optimal prepolymer formulation using the same set of diacids (itaconic and succinic acid) and different diols (propylene glycol, isosorbide and neopentyl glycol) or its equimolar mixtures, keeping the fixed molar ratio of 1:1:2.1 in all feed compositions. Instead of commonly used styrene, bio-based dimethyl itaconate was used as a reactive diluent (RD). The rheology of the obtained resins was studied in detail. The effect of the used diol on structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC), thermomechanical (DMA), and mechanical (tensile) properties was explained. The properties of UPRs were found to be highly dependent on the diol used in the prepolymer formulation. The UPR with an equimolar ratio of propylene glycol and neopentyl glycol was shown to be the most promising candidate to compete with the commercial petroleum-based resins.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Polymers
T1  - The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters
IS  - 15
SP  - 2970
VL  - 14
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14152970
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pantić, Olga and Spasojević, Milica and Džunuzović, Enis and Nikolić, Marija S. and Savić, Sanja and Marković, Maja and Spasojević, Pavle",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The scope of the present study was to prepare fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) with comparable properties to the commercial formulations. The focus was set on the determination of the optimal prepolymer formulation using the same set of diacids (itaconic and succinic acid) and different diols (propylene glycol, isosorbide and neopentyl glycol) or its equimolar mixtures, keeping the fixed molar ratio of 1:1:2.1 in all feed compositions. Instead of commonly used styrene, bio-based dimethyl itaconate was used as a reactive diluent (RD). The rheology of the obtained resins was studied in detail. The effect of the used diol on structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC), thermomechanical (DMA), and mechanical (tensile) properties was explained. The properties of UPRs were found to be highly dependent on the diol used in the prepolymer formulation. The UPR with an equimolar ratio of propylene glycol and neopentyl glycol was shown to be the most promising candidate to compete with the commercial petroleum-based resins.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Polymers",
title = "The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters",
number = "15",
pages = "2970",
volume = "14",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14152970"
}

Pantić, O., Spasojević, M., Džunuzović, E., Nikolić, M. S., Savić, S., Marković, M.,& Spasojević, P.. (2022). The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters. in Polymers
MDPI., 14(15), 2970.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14152970

Pantić O, Spasojević M, Džunuzović E, Nikolić MS, Savić S, Marković M, Spasojević P. The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters. in Polymers. 2022;14(15):2970.
doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14152970 .

Pantić, Olga, Spasojević, Milica, Džunuzović, Enis, Nikolić, Marija S., Savić, Sanja, Marković, Maja, Spasojević, Pavle, "The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters" in Polymers, 14, no. 15 (2022):2970,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14152970 . .