Step2PolyGreen - A step to green polyester products: Sustainable solutions for everyday objects

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ADVANCING BIOCOMPOSITES: INTRODUCTION OF NANOCELLULOSE AS A SUSTAINABLE FILLER OF BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS

Pantić, Olga; Panić, Vesna; Marković, Maja; Spasojević Savković, Milica; Savić, Sanja; Kalagasidis Krušić, Melina; Spasojević, Pavle

(University of North Texas, 2023)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Pantić, Olga
AU  - Panić, Vesna
AU  - Marković, Maja
AU  - Spasojević Savković, Milica
AU  - Savić, Sanja
AU  - Kalagasidis Krušić, Melina
AU  - Spasojević, Pavle
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6867
AB  - Biocomposites are materials that are composed of a matrix and fillers both of which derived from
renewable resources. They offer an alternative to traditional petroleum-based composites and
have gained interest due to potential environmental benefits and sustaina
idea, itaconic and succinic acids and propylene glycol were used in the synthesis of a biobased
unsaturated polyester, diluted with biobased reactive diluent, dimethyl itaconate, to cure fully
biobased unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Despite having a low environmental impact, the
mechanical properties of biobased UPRs are not considered commercially viable compared to
their petroleum-based counterparts. To lessen the discrepancy between the two, nanocellulose
(NC) was incorporated into the biobased UPR in two ways. Firstly, NC was added during synthesis,
while secondly it was added after the synthesis of UPR was completed. Both series implied the
use of three different quan s of NC (1, 2, 3 wt.%). FTIR spectroscopy, gel content analysis,
SEM, dynamic mechanical analysis, and uniaxial tensile test were used to characterize obtained
biocomposites. It was demonstrcted that when NC was added during the synthesis, it had no
effect on UPR viscosity. On the other hand, adding NC after the synthesis significantly increased
viscosity. Overall results showed that higher quantities of NC increased tensile strength, storage
modulus at lower frequencies, and decreased glass transition temperature.
PB  - University of North Texas
C3  - Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France
T1  - ADVANCING BIOCOMPOSITES: INTRODUCTION OF NANOCELLULOSE AS A SUSTAINABLE FILLER OF BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS
SP  - 52
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6867
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Pantić, Olga and Panić, Vesna and Marković, Maja and Spasojević Savković, Milica and Savić, Sanja and Kalagasidis Krušić, Melina and Spasojević, Pavle",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Biocomposites are materials that are composed of a matrix and fillers both of which derived from
renewable resources. They offer an alternative to traditional petroleum-based composites and
have gained interest due to potential environmental benefits and sustaina
idea, itaconic and succinic acids and propylene glycol were used in the synthesis of a biobased
unsaturated polyester, diluted with biobased reactive diluent, dimethyl itaconate, to cure fully
biobased unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Despite having a low environmental impact, the
mechanical properties of biobased UPRs are not considered commercially viable compared to
their petroleum-based counterparts. To lessen the discrepancy between the two, nanocellulose
(NC) was incorporated into the biobased UPR in two ways. Firstly, NC was added during synthesis,
while secondly it was added after the synthesis of UPR was completed. Both series implied the
use of three different quan s of NC (1, 2, 3 wt.%). FTIR spectroscopy, gel content analysis,
SEM, dynamic mechanical analysis, and uniaxial tensile test were used to characterize obtained
biocomposites. It was demonstrcted that when NC was added during the synthesis, it had no
effect on UPR viscosity. On the other hand, adding NC after the synthesis significantly increased
viscosity. Overall results showed that higher quantities of NC increased tensile strength, storage
modulus at lower frequencies, and decreased glass transition temperature.",
publisher = "University of North Texas",
journal = "Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France",
title = "ADVANCING BIOCOMPOSITES: INTRODUCTION OF NANOCELLULOSE AS A SUSTAINABLE FILLER OF BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS",
pages = "52",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6867"
}
Pantić, O., Panić, V., Marković, M., Spasojević Savković, M., Savić, S., Kalagasidis Krušić, M.,& Spasojević, P.. (2023). ADVANCING BIOCOMPOSITES: INTRODUCTION OF NANOCELLULOSE AS A SUSTAINABLE FILLER OF BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS. in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France
University of North Texas., 52.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6867
Pantić O, Panić V, Marković M, Spasojević Savković M, Savić S, Kalagasidis Krušić M, Spasojević P. ADVANCING BIOCOMPOSITES: INTRODUCTION OF NANOCELLULOSE AS A SUSTAINABLE FILLER OF BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS. in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France. 2023;:52.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6867 .
Pantić, Olga, Panić, Vesna, Marković, Maja, Spasojević Savković, Milica, Savić, Sanja, Kalagasidis Krušić, Melina, Spasojević, Pavle, "ADVANCING BIOCOMPOSITES: INTRODUCTION OF NANOCELLULOSE AS A SUSTAINABLE FILLER OF BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS" in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France (2023):52,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6867 .

OPTIMIZATION OF CURING CONDITIONS FOR NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN

Spasojević, Pavle; Savić, Sanja; Panić, Vesna; Spasojević Savković, Milica; Marković, Maja; Pantić, Olga; Popović, Ivanka

(2023)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Spasojević, Pavle
AU  - Savić, Sanja
AU  - Panić, Vesna
AU  - Spasojević Savković, Milica
AU  - Marković, Maja
AU  - Pantić, Olga
AU  - Popović, Ivanka
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6869
AB  - Emerging efforts in the field of biocomposites established novel combinations of biobased matrix
materials and reinforcements, as well as the optimization of curing conditions, to enhance their
properties and expand their range of applications. The curing conditions of nanocellulose

reinforced biobased unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) based on itaconic acid and it derivatives’

were examined within this work. Since the curing process of biobased UPR requires the presence
of both an initiator and an activator, the optimization was conducted in two phases. The first
phase investigated the effect of different concentrations of an activator, cobalt octoate, (0.5, 1.0
and 1.5 mass%) with a constant concentration of an initiator, a mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide
(DBP) and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) (DBP to MEKP ratio 1.5:1.0; 2.5 mass% total).
The ratios of DBP and MEKP were varied in the second phase of experiments in the following
manner: 2.5:0,1.75:0.75, 0.75:1.75 and 0:2.5 (keeping the total initiator mass% of 2.5). The effect
of the different curing conditions on the UPR properties was monitored via the gel content
analysis and the uniaxial tensile test. It was shown that the increase in activator concentration
led to the decrease in gel content, tensile strength and elongation at the break. On the other
hand, the increase in dibenzoyl peroxide concentration in the initiator mixture revealed
enhanced overall mechanical properties. The optimal curing conditions were found to be 0.5
mass% of activator, and 1.75:0.75 DBP to MEKP ratio in the initiator mixture. Thereby obtained
UPR biocomposite showed a significant increase in elastic attributes suggesting that these
materials can be used where high elasticity is needed.
C3  - Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France
T1  - OPTIMIZATION OF CURING CONDITIONS FOR NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN
SP  - 56
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6869
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Spasojević, Pavle and Savić, Sanja and Panić, Vesna and Spasojević Savković, Milica and Marković, Maja and Pantić, Olga and Popović, Ivanka",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Emerging efforts in the field of biocomposites established novel combinations of biobased matrix
materials and reinforcements, as well as the optimization of curing conditions, to enhance their
properties and expand their range of applications. The curing conditions of nanocellulose

reinforced biobased unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) based on itaconic acid and it derivatives’

were examined within this work. Since the curing process of biobased UPR requires the presence
of both an initiator and an activator, the optimization was conducted in two phases. The first
phase investigated the effect of different concentrations of an activator, cobalt octoate, (0.5, 1.0
and 1.5 mass%) with a constant concentration of an initiator, a mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide
(DBP) and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) (DBP to MEKP ratio 1.5:1.0; 2.5 mass% total).
The ratios of DBP and MEKP were varied in the second phase of experiments in the following
manner: 2.5:0,1.75:0.75, 0.75:1.75 and 0:2.5 (keeping the total initiator mass% of 2.5). The effect
of the different curing conditions on the UPR properties was monitored via the gel content
analysis and the uniaxial tensile test. It was shown that the increase in activator concentration
led to the decrease in gel content, tensile strength and elongation at the break. On the other
hand, the increase in dibenzoyl peroxide concentration in the initiator mixture revealed
enhanced overall mechanical properties. The optimal curing conditions were found to be 0.5
mass% of activator, and 1.75:0.75 DBP to MEKP ratio in the initiator mixture. Thereby obtained
UPR biocomposite showed a significant increase in elastic attributes suggesting that these
materials can be used where high elasticity is needed.",
journal = "Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France",
title = "OPTIMIZATION OF CURING CONDITIONS FOR NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN",
pages = "56",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6869"
}
Spasojević, P., Savić, S., Panić, V., Spasojević Savković, M., Marković, M., Pantić, O.,& Popović, I.. (2023). OPTIMIZATION OF CURING CONDITIONS FOR NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN. in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France, 56.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6869
Spasojević P, Savić S, Panić V, Spasojević Savković M, Marković M, Pantić O, Popović I. OPTIMIZATION OF CURING CONDITIONS FOR NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN. in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France. 2023;:56.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6869 .
Spasojević, Pavle, Savić, Sanja, Panić, Vesna, Spasojević Savković, Milica, Marković, Maja, Pantić, Olga, Popović, Ivanka, "OPTIMIZATION OF CURING CONDITIONS FOR NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED BIOBASED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN" in Book of Abstracts / 29thPolyChar - World Forum on Advanced Materials, 26 - 29 September 2023, Nice, France (2023):56,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_6869 .

POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) HYDROGELS PREPARED BY ”GREEN” METHOD: SWELLING PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CAFFEINE

Marković, Maja D.; Miladinović, Nina N.; Savić, Sanja I.; Panić, Vesna V.; Pantić, Olga J.; Spasojević, Pavle M.; Pjanović, Rada V.

(Leskovac : Faculty of Technology, 2023)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Marković, Maja D.
AU  - Miladinović, Nina N.
AU  - Savić, Sanja I.
AU  - Panić, Vesna V.
AU  - Pantić, Olga J.
AU  - Spasojević, Pavle M.
AU  - Pjanović, Rada V.
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7300
AB  - Controlled release of drugs is a promising tool for improvement of therapy for many 
diseases because drug concentration for long period of time is kept constant, whereas
number of drug doses and side effects are reduced. pH sensitive hydrogels, such as 
hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), are extensively employed for 
drug delivery. The synthesis of the hydrogel is one of the most important factors
which affect encapsulation of drug and its bioactivity. In present study, we investigate 
if the encapsulation of poorly water-soluble active substance (caffeine) during the 
synthesis of PMAA hydrogels, and later its controlled release from the PMAA
hydrogels, can be achieved by applying novel ”green” method for the hydrogels 
preparation. The PMAA hydrogels with encapsulated caffeine and various amount of 
crosslinker are prepared by free radical polymerisation in aqueous solution and 
ambient conditions by using novel initiation system based on hydrogen peroxide and 
vitamin C. The swelling behaviour of the PMAA hydrogels and controlled release of 
caffeine are investigated in two media with pH 1 and pH 6.8 as simulation of human 
stomach and intestines, respectively. The SDeq values of the PMAA hydrogels are
eight times higher in the medium with pH 6.8 and as a consequence, three times higher
amount of caffeine is released in that medium. The increase in the crosslinker amount 
leads to the decrease of SDeq values of the PMAA hydrogels and amount of released 
caffeine. The results show that the PMAA hydrogels have great potential for controlled
release of poorly water-soluble drugs.
PB  - Leskovac : Faculty of Technology
C3  - Book of abstracts / 15th International Symposium "Novel Technologies and Sustainable Development" Leskovac, October, 20-21, 2023
T1  - POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) HYDROGELS PREPARED BY ”GREEN”  METHOD: SWELLING PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF  CAFFEINE
SP  - 97
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7300
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Marković, Maja D. and Miladinović, Nina N. and Savić, Sanja I. and Panić, Vesna V. and Pantić, Olga J. and Spasojević, Pavle M. and Pjanović, Rada V.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Controlled release of drugs is a promising tool for improvement of therapy for many 
diseases because drug concentration for long period of time is kept constant, whereas
number of drug doses and side effects are reduced. pH sensitive hydrogels, such as 
hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), are extensively employed for 
drug delivery. The synthesis of the hydrogel is one of the most important factors
which affect encapsulation of drug and its bioactivity. In present study, we investigate 
if the encapsulation of poorly water-soluble active substance (caffeine) during the 
synthesis of PMAA hydrogels, and later its controlled release from the PMAA
hydrogels, can be achieved by applying novel ”green” method for the hydrogels 
preparation. The PMAA hydrogels with encapsulated caffeine and various amount of 
crosslinker are prepared by free radical polymerisation in aqueous solution and 
ambient conditions by using novel initiation system based on hydrogen peroxide and 
vitamin C. The swelling behaviour of the PMAA hydrogels and controlled release of 
caffeine are investigated in two media with pH 1 and pH 6.8 as simulation of human 
stomach and intestines, respectively. The SDeq values of the PMAA hydrogels are
eight times higher in the medium with pH 6.8 and as a consequence, three times higher
amount of caffeine is released in that medium. The increase in the crosslinker amount 
leads to the decrease of SDeq values of the PMAA hydrogels and amount of released 
caffeine. The results show that the PMAA hydrogels have great potential for controlled
release of poorly water-soluble drugs.",
publisher = "Leskovac : Faculty of Technology",
journal = "Book of abstracts / 15th International Symposium "Novel Technologies and Sustainable Development" Leskovac, October, 20-21, 2023",
title = "POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) HYDROGELS PREPARED BY ”GREEN”  METHOD: SWELLING PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF  CAFFEINE",
pages = "97",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7300"
}
Marković, M. D., Miladinović, N. N., Savić, S. I., Panić, V. V., Pantić, O. J., Spasojević, P. M.,& Pjanović, R. V.. (2023). POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) HYDROGELS PREPARED BY ”GREEN”  METHOD: SWELLING PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF  CAFFEINE. in Book of abstracts / 15th International Symposium "Novel Technologies and Sustainable Development" Leskovac, October, 20-21, 2023
Leskovac : Faculty of Technology., 97.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7300
Marković MD, Miladinović NN, Savić SI, Panić VV, Pantić OJ, Spasojević PM, Pjanović RV. POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) HYDROGELS PREPARED BY ”GREEN”  METHOD: SWELLING PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF  CAFFEINE. in Book of abstracts / 15th International Symposium "Novel Technologies and Sustainable Development" Leskovac, October, 20-21, 2023. 2023;:97.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7300 .
Marković, Maja D., Miladinović, Nina N., Savić, Sanja I., Panić, Vesna V., Pantić, Olga J., Spasojević, Pavle M., Pjanović, Rada V., "POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) HYDROGELS PREPARED BY ”GREEN”  METHOD: SWELLING PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF  CAFFEINE" in Book of abstracts / 15th International Symposium "Novel Technologies and Sustainable Development" Leskovac, October, 20-21, 2023 (2023):97,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_7300 .