TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stamenković, Olivera S.
AU  - Veljković, Vlada B.
AU  - Todorović, Zoran B.
AU  - Lazić, Miodrag L.
AU  - Banković-Ilić, Ivana B.
AU  - Skala, Dejan U.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5612
AB  - The kinetics of Ca(OH)2-catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil was studied at a moderate temperature (60 °C), a methanol-to-oil molar ratio (6:1) and different catalyst amounts (from 1% to 10% based on oil weight). The methanolysis process was shown to involve the initial triglyceride (TG) mass transfer controlled region, followed by the chemical reaction controlled region in the latter period. The TG mass transfer limitation was caused by the low available active specific catalyst surface due to the high adsorbed methanol concentration. Both the TG mass transfer and chemical reaction rates increased with increasing the catalyst amount.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Bioresource Technology
T1  - Modeling the kinetics of calcium hydroxide catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil
EP  - 4430
IS  - 12
SP  - 4423
VL  - 101
DO  - 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.109
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stamenković, Olivera S. and Veljković, Vlada B. and Todorović, Zoran B. and Lazić, Miodrag L. and Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. and Skala, Dejan U.",
year = "2010",
abstract = "The kinetics of Ca(OH)2-catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil was studied at a moderate temperature (60 °C), a methanol-to-oil molar ratio (6:1) and different catalyst amounts (from 1% to 10% based on oil weight). The methanolysis process was shown to involve the initial triglyceride (TG) mass transfer controlled region, followed by the chemical reaction controlled region in the latter period. The TG mass transfer limitation was caused by the low available active specific catalyst surface due to the high adsorbed methanol concentration. Both the TG mass transfer and chemical reaction rates increased with increasing the catalyst amount.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Bioresource Technology",
title = "Modeling the kinetics of calcium hydroxide catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil",
pages = "4430-4423",
number = "12",
volume = "101",
doi = "10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.109"
}

Stamenković, O. S., Veljković, V. B., Todorović, Z. B., Lazić, M. L., Banković-Ilić, I. B.,& Skala, D. U.. (2010). Modeling the kinetics of calcium hydroxide catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil. in Bioresource Technology
Elsevier., 101(12), 4423-4430.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.109

Stamenković OS, Veljković VB, Todorović ZB, Lazić ML, Banković-Ilić IB, Skala DU. Modeling the kinetics of calcium hydroxide catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil. in Bioresource Technology. 2010;101(12):4423-4430.
doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.109 .

Stamenković, Olivera S., Veljković, Vlada B., Todorović, Zoran B., Lazić, Miodrag L., Banković-Ilić, Ivana B., Skala, Dejan U., "Modeling the kinetics of calcium hydroxide catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil" in Bioresource Technology, 101, no. 12 (2010):4423-4430,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.109 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glišić, Sandra
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1592
AB  - The analysis of phase equilibrium between methanol and glycerides during methyl esters of fatty acids (FAME or biodiesel) synthesis at high pressure and temperature is very important for describing the kinetic and process design. It was studied at pressure between 1.1 and 28.0 MPa and temperature from 150 to 270 degrees C. The transition of phases and composition of identified phases was calculated using RK-Aspen EOS and obtained values were also compared to experimentally determined data at subcritical condition (1.1-4.5 MPa and 150-210 degrees C). Results of experimental investigation, as well as performed simulation of some specified composition of reaction mixture, showed that system of triglycerides and methanol, at the beginning of reaction (at all analysed conditions except for supercritical state of mixture) is in equilibrium between two liquid phases. During the methanolysis of triglycerides, the phase's distribution was changed accordingly and it highly depends on actual composition of reaction mixture, temperature and pressure. Calculated and measured values indicated that distribution of methanol between the oil phase, the methyl esters, and the glycerol rich phase exists and depends of working condition. As a consequence of fact, that the methanolysis of triglycerides (oil) is mainly realized in the oil-rich phase, at the end of reaction, after all triglycerides are converted into FAME and glycerol, the oil phase disappears. Furthermore, according to the results of phase composition calculation, it was shown that from the beginning to the end of reaction one phase only exists, for methanolysis performed at 270 degrees C and 20.0 MPa.
PB  - Elsevier, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Supercritical Fluids
T1  - Phase transition at subcritical and supercritical conditions of triglycerides methanolysis
EP  - 80
IS  - 1
SP  - 71
VL  - 54
DO  - 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.03.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Glišić, Sandra and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2010",
abstract = "The analysis of phase equilibrium between methanol and glycerides during methyl esters of fatty acids (FAME or biodiesel) synthesis at high pressure and temperature is very important for describing the kinetic and process design. It was studied at pressure between 1.1 and 28.0 MPa and temperature from 150 to 270 degrees C. The transition of phases and composition of identified phases was calculated using RK-Aspen EOS and obtained values were also compared to experimentally determined data at subcritical condition (1.1-4.5 MPa and 150-210 degrees C). Results of experimental investigation, as well as performed simulation of some specified composition of reaction mixture, showed that system of triglycerides and methanol, at the beginning of reaction (at all analysed conditions except for supercritical state of mixture) is in equilibrium between two liquid phases. During the methanolysis of triglycerides, the phase's distribution was changed accordingly and it highly depends on actual composition of reaction mixture, temperature and pressure. Calculated and measured values indicated that distribution of methanol between the oil phase, the methyl esters, and the glycerol rich phase exists and depends of working condition. As a consequence of fact, that the methanolysis of triglycerides (oil) is mainly realized in the oil-rich phase, at the end of reaction, after all triglycerides are converted into FAME and glycerol, the oil phase disappears. Furthermore, according to the results of phase composition calculation, it was shown that from the beginning to the end of reaction one phase only exists, for methanolysis performed at 270 degrees C and 20.0 MPa.",
publisher = "Elsevier, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Supercritical Fluids",
title = "Phase transition at subcritical and supercritical conditions of triglycerides methanolysis",
pages = "80-71",
number = "1",
volume = "54",
doi = "10.1016/j.supflu.2010.03.005"
}

Glišić, S.,& Skala, D.. (2010). Phase transition at subcritical and supercritical conditions of triglycerides methanolysis. in Journal of Supercritical Fluids
Elsevier, Amsterdam., 54(1), 71-80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2010.03.005

Glišić S, Skala D. Phase transition at subcritical and supercritical conditions of triglycerides methanolysis. in Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 2010;54(1):71-80.
doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2010.03.005 .

Glišić, Sandra, Skala, Dejan, "Phase transition at subcritical and supercritical conditions of triglycerides methanolysis" in Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 54, no. 1 (2010):71-80,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2010.03.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Krstić, Jugoslav
AU  - Glišić, Sandra
AU  - Jovanović, Dušan
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1600
AB  - In this study, catalysts for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) synthesis with K2CO3 as the active component on an alumina/silica support were synthesized using the sol-gel method, which was followed by drying the 'dense' wet gels with supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain the aerogels. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and N2 physisorption at 77 K, and tested in the methanolysis of sunflower oil. The effects of reaction variables, such as reaction time, temperature and methanol to oil molar ratio, on the yield of FAME were investigated. The aerogel catalysts with K2CO3 as the active component on an alumina/silica support exhibited good activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil. The leaching of potassium when the catalyst was in contact with pure methanol under the working conditions of methanolysis was also tested in this study, indicating that it occurred only at higher temperatures, while at lower ones, it was negligible.
AB  - U ovom radu katalizator za sintezu metil estara masnih kiselina (MEMK ili biodizel) sa K2CO3 kao aktivnom komponentom na alumosilikatnom nosaču sintetizovan je sol-gel metodom nakon čega je dobijeni gel sušen uz prisustvo natkritičnog ugljen dioksida da bi se dobio aerogel. Za karakterizaciju sintetizovanih katalizatora korišćene su metode XRD, FTIR i N2 fizisorpcija na 77 K i katalizatori su testirani u reakciji metanolize suncokretovog ulja. Katalizator je testiran u reakciji metanolize suncekrotovog ulja i sintezi MEMK. Ispitan je uticaj različitih parametara kao što su vreme, temperatura i molarni odnos metanol : ulje na prinos MEMK. Aerogel katalizator sa K2CO3 kao aktivnom komponentom na alumosilikatnom nosaču pokazao je dobru katalitičku aktivnost u reakciji metanolize suncokretovog ulja. Izluživanje kalijuma u kontaktu sa metanolom na radnim uslovima metanolize takođe je testirano u ovom radu, pokazujući da ono postoji na višim temperaturama, dok je na nižim zanemarljivo.
PB  - Serbian Chemical Society, Belgrade
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Biodiesel synthesis using K2CO3/Al-O-Si aerogel catalysts
T1  - Sinteza biodizela katalizovana alumosilikatnim aerogelom sa K2Co3
EP  - 801
IS  - 6
SP  - 789
VL  - 75
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_1600
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Krstić, Jugoslav and Glišić, Sandra and Jovanović, Dušan and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2010",
abstract = "In this study, catalysts for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) synthesis with K2CO3 as the active component on an alumina/silica support were synthesized using the sol-gel method, which was followed by drying the 'dense' wet gels with supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain the aerogels. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and N2 physisorption at 77 K, and tested in the methanolysis of sunflower oil. The effects of reaction variables, such as reaction time, temperature and methanol to oil molar ratio, on the yield of FAME were investigated. The aerogel catalysts with K2CO3 as the active component on an alumina/silica support exhibited good activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil. The leaching of potassium when the catalyst was in contact with pure methanol under the working conditions of methanolysis was also tested in this study, indicating that it occurred only at higher temperatures, while at lower ones, it was negligible., U ovom radu katalizator za sintezu metil estara masnih kiselina (MEMK ili biodizel) sa K2CO3 kao aktivnom komponentom na alumosilikatnom nosaču sintetizovan je sol-gel metodom nakon čega je dobijeni gel sušen uz prisustvo natkritičnog ugljen dioksida da bi se dobio aerogel. Za karakterizaciju sintetizovanih katalizatora korišćene su metode XRD, FTIR i N2 fizisorpcija na 77 K i katalizatori su testirani u reakciji metanolize suncokretovog ulja. Katalizator je testiran u reakciji metanolize suncekrotovog ulja i sintezi MEMK. Ispitan je uticaj različitih parametara kao što su vreme, temperatura i molarni odnos metanol : ulje na prinos MEMK. Aerogel katalizator sa K2CO3 kao aktivnom komponentom na alumosilikatnom nosaču pokazao je dobru katalitičku aktivnost u reakciji metanolize suncokretovog ulja. Izluživanje kalijuma u kontaktu sa metanolom na radnim uslovima metanolize takođe je testirano u ovom radu, pokazujući da ono postoji na višim temperaturama, dok je na nižim zanemarljivo.",
publisher = "Serbian Chemical Society, Belgrade",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Biodiesel synthesis using K2CO3/Al-O-Si aerogel catalysts, Sinteza biodizela katalizovana alumosilikatnim aerogelom sa K2Co3",
pages = "801-789",
number = "6",
volume = "75",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_1600"
}

Lukić, I., Krstić, J., Glišić, S., Jovanović, D.,& Skala, D.. (2010). Biodiesel synthesis using K2CO3/Al-O-Si aerogel catalysts. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Serbian Chemical Society, Belgrade., 75(6), 789-801.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_1600

Lukić I, Krstić J, Glišić S, Jovanović D, Skala D. Biodiesel synthesis using K2CO3/Al-O-Si aerogel catalysts. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2010;75(6):789-801.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_1600 .

Lukić, Ivana, Krstić, Jugoslav, Glišić, Sandra, Jovanović, Dušan, Skala, Dejan, "Biodiesel synthesis using K2CO3/Al-O-Si aerogel catalysts" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75, no. 6 (2010):789-801,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_1600 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stamenković, Ivica S.
AU  - Banković-Ilić, Ivana B.
AU  - Stamenković, Olivera S.
AU  - Veljković, Vlada B.
AU  - Skala, Dejan U.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5520
AB  - Continuous biodiesel production on laboratory and industrial scale was analyzed, with focus on their advantages and disadvantages. Attention was paid to specific characteristics of industrial processes in order to point out the advanced technologies. The well-known base-catalyzed continuous biodiesel production processes are related to problems caused by the immiscibility of the reactants (alcohol and oil), application of relatively high operating temperature (usually the boiling temperature of alcohol or one near it) and obtained yield of methyl ester yields lower than desired. One way to overcome these problems is to employ special reactor design favoring the emulsion process and increasing the overall rate of biodiesel production process, even at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The second way is to apply heterogeneous catalysts in continuous processes, which will probably be the optimal approach to economically justified and environmentally friendly biodiesel production.
PB  - Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Hemijska industrija
T1  - Continuous biodisel productions: A review
T1  - [Kontinualni postupci dobijanja biodizela]
EP  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
VL  - 63
DO  - 10.2298/HEMIND0901001S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stamenković, Ivica S. and Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. and Stamenković, Olivera S. and Veljković, Vlada B. and Skala, Dejan U.",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Continuous biodiesel production on laboratory and industrial scale was analyzed, with focus on their advantages and disadvantages. Attention was paid to specific characteristics of industrial processes in order to point out the advanced technologies. The well-known base-catalyzed continuous biodiesel production processes are related to problems caused by the immiscibility of the reactants (alcohol and oil), application of relatively high operating temperature (usually the boiling temperature of alcohol or one near it) and obtained yield of methyl ester yields lower than desired. One way to overcome these problems is to employ special reactor design favoring the emulsion process and increasing the overall rate of biodiesel production process, even at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The second way is to apply heterogeneous catalysts in continuous processes, which will probably be the optimal approach to economically justified and environmentally friendly biodiesel production.",
publisher = "Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Hemijska industrija",
title = "Continuous biodisel productions: A review, [Kontinualni postupci dobijanja biodizela]",
pages = "10-1",
number = "1",
volume = "63",
doi = "10.2298/HEMIND0901001S"
}

Stamenković, I. S., Banković-Ilić, I. B., Stamenković, O. S., Veljković, V. B.,& Skala, D. U.. (2009). Continuous biodisel productions: A review. in Hemijska industrija
Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia., 63(1), 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND0901001S

Stamenković IS, Banković-Ilić IB, Stamenković OS, Veljković VB, Skala DU. Continuous biodisel productions: A review. in Hemijska industrija. 2009;63(1):1-10.
doi:10.2298/HEMIND0901001S .

Stamenković, Ivica S., Banković-Ilić, Ivana B., Stamenković, Olivera S., Veljković, Vlada B., Skala, Dejan U., "Continuous biodisel productions: A review" in Hemijska industrija, 63, no. 1 (2009):1-10,
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND0901001S . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Veljković, Vlada B.
AU  - Stamenković, Olivera S.
AU  - Todorović, Zoran B.
AU  - Lazić, Miodrag L.
AU  - Skala, Dejan U.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5553
AB  - The methanolysis of sunflower oil was studied in the presence of CaO previously calcined at various temperatures and the optimal temperature for CaO calcination was determined. The sigmoidal process kinetics was explained by the initial triglyceride (TG) mass transfer controlled region, followed by the chemical reaction controlled region in the latter reaction period. The TG mass transfer limitation was due to the small available active specific catalyst surface, which was mainly covered by adsorbed molecules of methanol. In the later phase, the adsorbed methanol concentration decreased, causing the increase of both the available active specific catalyst surface and the TG mass transfer rate, and the chemical reaction rate become smaller than the TG mass transfer rate.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Fuel
T1  - Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide
EP  - 1562
IS  - 9
SP  - 1554
VL  - 88
DO  - 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.013
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Veljković, Vlada B. and Stamenković, Olivera S. and Todorović, Zoran B. and Lazić, Miodrag L. and Skala, Dejan U.",
year = "2009",
abstract = "The methanolysis of sunflower oil was studied in the presence of CaO previously calcined at various temperatures and the optimal temperature for CaO calcination was determined. The sigmoidal process kinetics was explained by the initial triglyceride (TG) mass transfer controlled region, followed by the chemical reaction controlled region in the latter reaction period. The TG mass transfer limitation was due to the small available active specific catalyst surface, which was mainly covered by adsorbed molecules of methanol. In the later phase, the adsorbed methanol concentration decreased, causing the increase of both the available active specific catalyst surface and the TG mass transfer rate, and the chemical reaction rate become smaller than the TG mass transfer rate.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Fuel",
title = "Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide",
pages = "1562-1554",
number = "9",
volume = "88",
doi = "10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.013"
}

Veljković, V. B., Stamenković, O. S., Todorović, Z. B., Lazić, M. L.,& Skala, D. U.. (2009). Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide. in Fuel
Elsevier., 88(9), 1554-1562.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.013

Veljković VB, Stamenković OS, Todorović ZB, Lazić ML, Skala DU. Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide. in Fuel. 2009;88(9):1554-1562.
doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.013 .

Veljković, Vlada B., Stamenković, Olivera S., Todorović, Zoran B., Lazić, Miodrag L., Skala, Dejan U., "Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide" in Fuel, 88, no. 9 (2009):1554-1562,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.013 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glišić, Sandra
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1419
AB  - Analysis of several different schemes for industrial FAME production at higher pressure and temperature (catalytic or non-catalytic synthesis) was realized with the aim to find the best route to reduce the energy consumption (EC) and to improve the life cycle energy efficiency. Obtained results indicated that the EC (MJ/kg FAME) mainly depends on degree of conversion of triglycerides being almost 25% smaller if degree of conversion increase from 97 mass% to complete conversion. Further significant decrease of EC might be obtained at subcritical conditions but only after substantial decrease of methanol to oil molar ratio (from 42 to 15) which requires use of appropriate catalyst. On account of that, the kinetics of heterogeneous catalyzed methanolysis of triglycerides was analyzed using data published in literature (CaO) as well as own experimental data (K2CO3/Al-O-Si) with a goal to obtain reliable kinetic rate constant which might be used for process simulation. This study shows that if heterogeneous process of biodiesel synthesis is realized at subcritical conditions then further decrease of EC is possible.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Bioresource Technology
T1  - Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale
EP  - 6354
IS  - 24
SP  - 6347
VL  - 100
DO  - 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.024
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Glišić, Sandra and Lukić, Ivana and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Analysis of several different schemes for industrial FAME production at higher pressure and temperature (catalytic or non-catalytic synthesis) was realized with the aim to find the best route to reduce the energy consumption (EC) and to improve the life cycle energy efficiency. Obtained results indicated that the EC (MJ/kg FAME) mainly depends on degree of conversion of triglycerides being almost 25% smaller if degree of conversion increase from 97 mass% to complete conversion. Further significant decrease of EC might be obtained at subcritical conditions but only after substantial decrease of methanol to oil molar ratio (from 42 to 15) which requires use of appropriate catalyst. On account of that, the kinetics of heterogeneous catalyzed methanolysis of triglycerides was analyzed using data published in literature (CaO) as well as own experimental data (K2CO3/Al-O-Si) with a goal to obtain reliable kinetic rate constant which might be used for process simulation. This study shows that if heterogeneous process of biodiesel synthesis is realized at subcritical conditions then further decrease of EC is possible.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Bioresource Technology",
title = "Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale",
pages = "6354-6347",
number = "24",
volume = "100",
doi = "10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.024"
}

Glišić, S., Lukić, I.,& Skala, D.. (2009). Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale. in Bioresource Technology
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 100(24), 6347-6354.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.024

Glišić S, Lukić I, Skala D. Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale. in Bioresource Technology. 2009;100(24):6347-6354.
doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.024 .

Glišić, Sandra, Lukić, Ivana, Skala, Dejan, "Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale" in Bioresource Technology, 100, no. 24 (2009):6347-6354,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.024 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Krstić, Jugoslav
AU  - Jovanović, D.
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1432
AB  - The new type of catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) synthesis with K2CO3 as active component on alumina/silica support was synthesized using sol-gel method. Corresponding catalyst (xerogel) was prepared by 12 h drying the wet gel in air at 300 degrees C, 600 degrees C or 1000 degrees C at atmospheric pressure. The catalysts activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil was compared to the activity of the pure K2CO3. The effects of various reaction variables on the yield of FAME were investigated. It was found that the temperature of 120 degrees C and methanol to oil molar ratio of 15: 1, are optimal conditions for FAME synthesis with synthesized catalyst. Repeated use of same amount of catalyst indicated that effect of potassium leaching obviously existed leading to decrease of catalyst activity.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Bioresource Technology
T1  - Alumina/silica supported K2CO3 as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil
EP  - 4696
IS  - 20
SP  - 4690
VL  - 100
DO  - 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.057
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Krstić, Jugoslav and Jovanović, D. and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2009",
abstract = "The new type of catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) synthesis with K2CO3 as active component on alumina/silica support was synthesized using sol-gel method. Corresponding catalyst (xerogel) was prepared by 12 h drying the wet gel in air at 300 degrees C, 600 degrees C or 1000 degrees C at atmospheric pressure. The catalysts activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil was compared to the activity of the pure K2CO3. The effects of various reaction variables on the yield of FAME were investigated. It was found that the temperature of 120 degrees C and methanol to oil molar ratio of 15: 1, are optimal conditions for FAME synthesis with synthesized catalyst. Repeated use of same amount of catalyst indicated that effect of potassium leaching obviously existed leading to decrease of catalyst activity.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Bioresource Technology",
title = "Alumina/silica supported K2CO3 as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil",
pages = "4696-4690",
number = "20",
volume = "100",
doi = "10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.057"
}

Lukić, I., Krstić, J., Jovanović, D.,& Skala, D.. (2009). Alumina/silica supported K2CO3 as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil. in Bioresource Technology
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 100(20), 4690-4696.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.057

Lukić I, Krstić J, Jovanović D, Skala D. Alumina/silica supported K2CO3 as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil. in Bioresource Technology. 2009;100(20):4690-4696.
doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.057 .

Lukić, Ivana, Krstić, Jugoslav, Jovanović, D., Skala, Dejan, "Alumina/silica supported K2CO3 as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil" in Bioresource Technology, 100, no. 20 (2009):4690-4696,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.057 . .