STRUKTURNE KARAKTERISTIKE, KOMPRESIONA I PREKIDNA SVOJSTVA DESNO-LEVIH KULIRANIH PLETENINA PRE I POSLE PRANJA

Abstract

U radu su ispitivane strukturne karakteristike, kompresiona i prekidna svojstva pletenina pre i posle pranja. Ispitivanja su obuhvatila tri desno-leve kulirane pletenine sirovinskog sastava pamuk, vuna i organska vuna. Od strukturnih karakteristika pletenina određivani su gustina po vertikali i horizontali, površinska gustina pletenina, dužina pređe u petlji, površinska masa pletenina i njihove debljine. Od kompresionih svojstava ispitivani su kompresibilnost, gubitak debljine i elastični oporavak, a od prekidnih svojstava sila probijanja i hod kugle pri probijanju. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da površinska gustina pletenine i sirovinski sastav utiču na kompresiona svojstva, sirovinski sastav na prekidna svojstva, a pranje na strukturne karakteristike, kompresiona i prekidna svojstva pletenina. Kod sve tri ispitivane pletenine, posle pranja, registrovan je porast gustine po vertikali i horizontali, a time i površinske gustine pletenina, površinske mase pletenina i njihovih debljina, kompresibilnosti, gubitka debljine i hoda kugle pri probijanju, ali smanjenje elastičnog oporavka i sile probijanja. Pranje je dovelo do skupljanja pletenina, smanjenja dužine pređe u petlji kod pletenina od pamuka i organske vune, ali do povećanja dužine pređe u petlji kod vunene pletenine.

The structural characteristics, compression, and strength properties of knitted fabrics, before and after washing, were investigated in this paper. The experimental material consisted of three plain weft-knitted fabrics produced of cotton, wool, and organic wool. The structural characteristics of the knitted fabrics were analyzed by measuring the number of courses and wales per centimeter, stitch density, yarn loop length, weight, and thickness. The compression properties were determined by measuring compressibility, thickness loss, and compressive resilience. The strength properties were investigated by measuring the bursting strength and ball traverse elongation. The results showed that stitch density and raw material composition affect compression properties, raw material composition affects strength properties, and washing affects structural characteristics, compression, and strength properties of knitted fabrics. After washing, all knitted fabrics increased in the number of courses and wales per centimeter, stitch density, weight, thickness, compressibility, thickness loss, and ball traverse elongation, and decreased in compressive resilience and bursting strength. Additionally, shrinkage of the knitted fabrics was observed after washing. Also, cotton and organic wool fabrics decreased in yarn loop length, while wool knitted fabric increased in yarn loop length after washing.