Dobijanje i svojstva samoojačavajućih kompozitnih elastomernih vlakana

Abstract

Dobijanje in situ ojačanih kompozitnih vlakana od smeše dva delimično mešljiva polimera zasniva se na mikrofibrilizaciji jedne polimerne komponente u drugoj tokom ispredanja vlakana. U ovom radu odabran je sistem poliuretan-elastomer sa Biopolom kao ojačavajućom komponentom. Oba polimera se odlikuju sličnom temperaturom prerade i dobrom međusobnom mešljivošću. Bikomponentna elastomerna vlakna (sa 5%, 10% i 15% Biopola) su dobijena ispredanjem iz rastopa. Ispitivanjem morfoloških karakteristika polaznih smeša i vlakana ustanovljeno je da dispergovana Biopol komponenta u toku ispredanja prelazi u formu mikrofibrila. Dobijena kompozitna vlakna ispoljavaju značajno povećanje prekidne jačine i pri najmanjim koncentracijama Biopola u odnosu na jednokomponentna poliuretanska vlakna. Yungov modul pri manjim koncentracijama Biopola ne raste značajnije što ima za posledicu očuvanje mekoće kompozitnih vlakana.

The in situ preparation of reinforced composite fibers from a blend of two partially miscible polymers is based on the microfibrillation of one polymer component within the other one during fiber spinning. The subject of this study was the system polyurethane-elastomer with Biopol as the reinforcing component. Both polymers are characterized by similar processing temperatures and good compatibility. Biocomponent elastomeric fibers (with 5%, 10% and 15% Biopol) were obtained by spinning from the melt. Study of the morphological characteristics of the initial blends and fibers indicated that dispersed Biopol component turns into microfibril form during fiber processing. Composite fibers obtained in this way show a significant increase of stress at break even for lowest Biopol concentrations, with respect to pure polyurethane-elastomer fibers. Young's modulus shows no significant increase for lower Biopol concentrations, which results in preserving the softness of the composite fibers.