Koncentracije potencijalno toksičnih elemenata u zemljištu parkova i igrališta u Kruševcu i procena ekološkog rizika

Abstract

Koncentracije potencijalno toksičnih elemenata (PTE) As, Cd, Hg i Pb su određene u površinskom sloju zemljišta 16 parkova i igrališta za sport i rekreaciju na području Grada Kruševca. Analiza je izvršena metodom masene spektrometrije sa indukovanom kuplovanom plazmom. Medijalne i srednje vrednosti koncentracija As i Pb su bile više u odnosu na njihov prirodni fonski sadržaj u zemljištu Zapadne Srbije koje je kao referentno uzeto i za procenu ekološkog rizika. Upoređivanje izmerenih koncentracija analiziranih elemenata sa nacionalnom regulativom je pokazalo da izmerene vrednosti ne prelaze remedijacione vrednosti, dok je maksimalno dozvoljena koncentracija za poljoprivredno zemljište premašena na više lokacija u slučaju As i Pb. Izmerene koncentracije PTE su bile u opsegu koncentracija publikovanih za urbana zemljišta u Srbiji i svetu. Ekološki rizik usled prisustva odabranih elemenata u zemljištu je procenjen preko pokazatelja zagađenja. Vrednosti indeksa ukupnog zagađenja pokazuju postojanje kontaminacije na dve lokacije. Vrednosti faktora kontaminacije ukazuju da je zemljište ispitivanih parkova i igrališta pretežno nekontaminirano do umereno kontaminirano analiziranim PTE, što su potvrdile i vrednosti geoakumulacionog indeksa.

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTE) As, Cd, Hg, and Pb was determined in the topsoil of 16 parks and open playgrounds for sport and recreation purposes in the City of Kruševac, Serbia. Analysis was performed utilizing inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Both, median and mean values of As and Pb concentration were higher than their corresponding natural baseland content in the Western Serbia soil, which was used as reference soil for ecological risk assessment. Comparison of the determined concentration of selected elements with national legislation showed that they did not exceed respective interventional remediation values, while maximal allowed concentration for agricultural soil was exceeded for several locations for As and Pb. The measured concentration of PTEs fell in the range of published results for other cities in Serbia and worldwide. Ecological risk due to the presence of selected elements in the soil was assessed by calculating different pollution indices. Values of Pollution Load Index pointed out the existence of contamination at two locations. Contamination Factor values showed that soil of studied parks and open playgrounds was predominantly non-contaminated to moderately contaminated by selected PTEs, which was also confirmed by values of geoaccumulation index.