Multivariate Assessment and Risk Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits
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Pesticides are extensively used in the cultivation and postharvest protection of citrus fruits, therefore continuous monitoring and health risk assessments of their residues are required. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of pesticide residues on citrus fruits and to evaluate the acute and chronic risk for adults and children. The risk ranking of twenty-three detected pesticides was carried out according to a matrix ranking scheme. Multiple residues were detected in 83% of 76 analyzed samples. In addition, 28% contained pesticides at or above maximum residue levels (MRLs). The most frequently detected pesticides were imazalil, azoxystrobin, and dimethomorph. According to the risk ranking method, imazalil was classified in the high-risk group, followed by prochloraz, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, tebufenpyrad, and fenpiroximate, which were considered to pose a medium risk. The majority of detected pesticides (74%) posed a low risk. The health risk assessment indicated that... imazalil and thiabendazole contribute to acute (HQa) and chronic (HQc) dietary risk, respectively. The HQc was negligible for the general population, while the HQa of imazalil and thiabendazole exceeded the acceptable level in the worst-case scenario. Cumulative chronic/acute risk (HIc/HIa) assessment showed that chronic risk was acceptable in all samples for children and adults, while the acute risk was unacceptable in 5.3% of citrus fruits for adults and 26% of citrus fruits for children. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the ingestion rate and individual body weight were the most influential risk factors.
Keywords:
LC-MS/MS / GC-MS/MS / QuEChERS / health risks / Monte Carlo simulation / sensitivity analysisSource:
Foods, 2023, 12, 13, 2454-Publisher:
- MDPI
Funding / projects:
- Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, institutional funding - 200287 (Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (RS-MESTD-inst-2020-200287)
- Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, institutional funding - 200017 (University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences 'Vinča', Belgrade-Vinča) (RS-MESTD-inst-2020-200017)
- Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, institutional funding - 200135 (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (RS-MESTD-inst-2020-200135)
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Inovacioni centarTY - JOUR AU - Radulović, Jelena AU - Lučić, Milica AU - Nešić, Aleksandra AU - Onjia, Antonije PY - 2023 UR - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6530 AB - Pesticides are extensively used in the cultivation and postharvest protection of citrus fruits, therefore continuous monitoring and health risk assessments of their residues are required. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of pesticide residues on citrus fruits and to evaluate the acute and chronic risk for adults and children. The risk ranking of twenty-three detected pesticides was carried out according to a matrix ranking scheme. Multiple residues were detected in 83% of 76 analyzed samples. In addition, 28% contained pesticides at or above maximum residue levels (MRLs). The most frequently detected pesticides were imazalil, azoxystrobin, and dimethomorph. According to the risk ranking method, imazalil was classified in the high-risk group, followed by prochloraz, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, tebufenpyrad, and fenpiroximate, which were considered to pose a medium risk. The majority of detected pesticides (74%) posed a low risk. The health risk assessment indicated that imazalil and thiabendazole contribute to acute (HQa) and chronic (HQc) dietary risk, respectively. The HQc was negligible for the general population, while the HQa of imazalil and thiabendazole exceeded the acceptable level in the worst-case scenario. Cumulative chronic/acute risk (HIc/HIa) assessment showed that chronic risk was acceptable in all samples for children and adults, while the acute risk was unacceptable in 5.3% of citrus fruits for adults and 26% of citrus fruits for children. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the ingestion rate and individual body weight were the most influential risk factors. PB - MDPI T2 - Foods T1 - Multivariate Assessment and Risk Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits IS - 13 SP - 2454 VL - 12 DO - 10.3390/foods12132454 ER -
@article{ author = "Radulović, Jelena and Lučić, Milica and Nešić, Aleksandra and Onjia, Antonije", year = "2023", abstract = "Pesticides are extensively used in the cultivation and postharvest protection of citrus fruits, therefore continuous monitoring and health risk assessments of their residues are required. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of pesticide residues on citrus fruits and to evaluate the acute and chronic risk for adults and children. The risk ranking of twenty-three detected pesticides was carried out according to a matrix ranking scheme. Multiple residues were detected in 83% of 76 analyzed samples. In addition, 28% contained pesticides at or above maximum residue levels (MRLs). The most frequently detected pesticides were imazalil, azoxystrobin, and dimethomorph. According to the risk ranking method, imazalil was classified in the high-risk group, followed by prochloraz, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, tebufenpyrad, and fenpiroximate, which were considered to pose a medium risk. The majority of detected pesticides (74%) posed a low risk. The health risk assessment indicated that imazalil and thiabendazole contribute to acute (HQa) and chronic (HQc) dietary risk, respectively. The HQc was negligible for the general population, while the HQa of imazalil and thiabendazole exceeded the acceptable level in the worst-case scenario. Cumulative chronic/acute risk (HIc/HIa) assessment showed that chronic risk was acceptable in all samples for children and adults, while the acute risk was unacceptable in 5.3% of citrus fruits for adults and 26% of citrus fruits for children. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the ingestion rate and individual body weight were the most influential risk factors.", publisher = "MDPI", journal = "Foods", title = "Multivariate Assessment and Risk Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits", number = "13", pages = "2454", volume = "12", doi = "10.3390/foods12132454" }
Radulović, J., Lučić, M., Nešić, A.,& Onjia, A.. (2023). Multivariate Assessment and Risk Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits. in Foods MDPI., 12(13), 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132454
Radulović J, Lučić M, Nešić A, Onjia A. Multivariate Assessment and Risk Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits. in Foods. 2023;12(13):2454. doi:10.3390/foods12132454 .
Radulović, Jelena, Lučić, Milica, Nešić, Aleksandra, Onjia, Antonije, "Multivariate Assessment and Risk Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits" in Foods, 12, no. 13 (2023):2454, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132454 . .