Estimation of loading losses of petroleum products from tank trucks

Abstract

In this paper was analyzed the quantity of loading losses, which are the primary source of evaporative emissions from tank cars and trucks. Loading losses occur as organic vapors in "empty" cargo tanks are displaced to the atmosphere by the liquid being loaded into the tanks. Emissions from loading petroleum liquid were estimated using three methods: API (American Petroleum Institute) method, VDI (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure - Association of German Engineers) method and Yugoslav Standard JUS B.HO. 531. method. The mass of evaporative losses from loading operations is a function of the following parameters: method of loading the cargo, physical and chemical characteristics of the cargo and the ambient temperature during loading. Evaporation losses from loading of motor gasoline (MB-95, BMB-95) and diesel fuels (D-2, Euro D-2) were calculated. Losses on monthly and annual basis were presented for assumed amount of loaded cargo. It is estimated that the highest loading losses are in the summer period because of high ambient daily temperature and in the period of higher level of transporting. It should be pointed out that the loading losses of diesel fuel calculated using empirical coefficient according to JUS B.HO. 531. are significantly higher in comparison with the loading losses calculated using emission factors from EPA and VDI method. Gasoline loading losses calculated using emission factors derived from three methods have similar values.

U ovom radu analizirani su gubici usled isparavanja naftnih derivata na jednom velikom auto pretakalištu. Za izračunavanje gubitaka korišćene su tri metode: metoda za izračunavanje gubitaka Američkog Naftnog Instituta API, metoda iz uputstva Saveza Nemačkih Inženjera VDI (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure) i važeći jugoslovenski standard sa obaveznom primenom JUS B.HO. 531. Masa gubitaka usled isparavanja derivata pri pretakanju je funkcija sledećih parametara: načina utovara, fizičko-hemijskih karakteristika derivata koji se pretače i temperature na kojoj se izvodi punjenje. Izračunati su gubici isparavanja prilikom pretakanja motornih benzina (MB-95, BMB-95) i dizel goriva (D-2, Euro D-2). Gubici su prikazani na mesečnom i godišnjem nivou za pretpostavljeni obim pretakanja.