Synthesis of monoacylglycerols by enzymatic methods
Enzimska sinteza monoacilglicerola
Authors
Bradić, Milena R.Ognjanović, Nevena

Bezbradica, Dejan

Grbavčić, Sanja
Avramović, Nataša
Mijin, Dušan

Knežević-Jugović, Zorica

Article (Published version)
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Show full item recordAbstract
Monoacylglycerols are non-ionic surfactants widely used in the food industry. They are also important in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as drug carriers and for consistency improvements in creams and lotions. The current process for their production is based on the glycerolysis of natural fats and oils in the presence of inorganic catalysts at temperatures higher than 220°C. The major drawbacks of this process include high-energy consumption, low yield, and poor product quality. The use of lipases for monoacylglycerols production offers environmental advantages and a reduction in energy consumption. Besides, the same surfactants prepared by the enzymatic synthesis may be labeled as 'natural'. Recent progress in the application of highly-stable lipases in the organic solvents offers the possibility of employing various methods to the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of monoacylglycerols, such as selective hydrolysis of fats and oils using 1,3-regiospecific lipases, the esterification ...of glycerol with fatty acids and the glycerolysis of fats or oils. In this review, different reaction systems such as aqueous-organic two-phase systems, microemulsions and reverse micelles systems, anhydrous organic solvents, solvent-free systems with free or immobilized lipases, as well as the use of two-phase membrane reactor systems are presented. We discuss some of the key factors, such as control of water content, removal of products from reaction system, and the effects of solvent on the lipase activity and selectivity, that must be addressed in order to obtain an efficient reaction system with high yields of monoacylglycerols. Engineering of the enzymatic monoacylglycerols synthesis processes requires also optimization of other factors such as: molar ratio of substrates, temperature, type of lipase immobilization and supports (if any), reactor design and operating regime.
Monoacilgliceroli (MAG), zahvaljujući svojoj amfipatičnoj strukturi, imaju veliki značaj i primenu kao emulgatori u prehrambenoj industriji. Koriste se i u kozmetičkoj i farmaceutskoj industriji za pripremu emulzija ulje/voda (U/V) i za poboljšanje konzistencije krema i losiona. Konvencionalni hemijski postupci hidrolize masti imaju značajnih nedostataka jer se odvijaju na visokim temperaturama i pritiscima uz korišćenje neorganskih katalizatora. Pri ovako drastičnim procesnim uslovima, obrazuju se proizvodi promenjene boje i neprijatne arome, koji se moraju naknadno prečišćavati što poskupljuje proizvodnju. Enzimski postupci za dobijanje monoacilglicerola imaju značajnih prednosti, a to su pre svega blagi reakcioni uslovi, usmerenost reakcije kao i znatno manji troškovi za energiju. U ovom radu razmatrani su osnovni načini enzimskog dobijanja monoacilglicerola kao što su parcijalna hidroliza masti i ulja poziciono specifičnim lipazama, esterifikacija masnih kiselina i alkohola i glice...roliza masti i ulja, sa posebnim osvrtom na prednosti i nedostatke svakog od njih.
Keywords:
lipases / esterification / hydrolysis / glycerolysis / monoacylglycerols / lipaze / esterifikacija / hidroliza / gliceroliza / monoacilgliceroliSource:
Hemijska industrija, 2010, 64, 5, 375-388Publisher:
- Association of Chemical Engineers of Serbia
Funding / projects:
- Razvoj biotehnoloških postupaka za proizvodnju aditiva i novih formulacija za prehrambenu industriju (RS-20064)
DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND100510040B
ISSN: 0367-598X
WoS: 000285175800003
Scopus: 2-s2.0-78449303576
Institution/Community
Tehnološko-metalurški fakultetTY - JOUR AU - Bradić, Milena R. AU - Ognjanović, Nevena AU - Bezbradica, Dejan AU - Grbavčić, Sanja AU - Avramović, Nataša AU - Mijin, Dušan AU - Knežević-Jugović, Zorica PY - 2010 UR - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1632 AB - Monoacylglycerols are non-ionic surfactants widely used in the food industry. They are also important in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as drug carriers and for consistency improvements in creams and lotions. The current process for their production is based on the glycerolysis of natural fats and oils in the presence of inorganic catalysts at temperatures higher than 220°C. The major drawbacks of this process include high-energy consumption, low yield, and poor product quality. The use of lipases for monoacylglycerols production offers environmental advantages and a reduction in energy consumption. Besides, the same surfactants prepared by the enzymatic synthesis may be labeled as 'natural'. Recent progress in the application of highly-stable lipases in the organic solvents offers the possibility of employing various methods to the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of monoacylglycerols, such as selective hydrolysis of fats and oils using 1,3-regiospecific lipases, the esterification of glycerol with fatty acids and the glycerolysis of fats or oils. In this review, different reaction systems such as aqueous-organic two-phase systems, microemulsions and reverse micelles systems, anhydrous organic solvents, solvent-free systems with free or immobilized lipases, as well as the use of two-phase membrane reactor systems are presented. We discuss some of the key factors, such as control of water content, removal of products from reaction system, and the effects of solvent on the lipase activity and selectivity, that must be addressed in order to obtain an efficient reaction system with high yields of monoacylglycerols. Engineering of the enzymatic monoacylglycerols synthesis processes requires also optimization of other factors such as: molar ratio of substrates, temperature, type of lipase immobilization and supports (if any), reactor design and operating regime. AB - Monoacilgliceroli (MAG), zahvaljujući svojoj amfipatičnoj strukturi, imaju veliki značaj i primenu kao emulgatori u prehrambenoj industriji. Koriste se i u kozmetičkoj i farmaceutskoj industriji za pripremu emulzija ulje/voda (U/V) i za poboljšanje konzistencije krema i losiona. Konvencionalni hemijski postupci hidrolize masti imaju značajnih nedostataka jer se odvijaju na visokim temperaturama i pritiscima uz korišćenje neorganskih katalizatora. Pri ovako drastičnim procesnim uslovima, obrazuju se proizvodi promenjene boje i neprijatne arome, koji se moraju naknadno prečišćavati što poskupljuje proizvodnju. Enzimski postupci za dobijanje monoacilglicerola imaju značajnih prednosti, a to su pre svega blagi reakcioni uslovi, usmerenost reakcije kao i znatno manji troškovi za energiju. U ovom radu razmatrani su osnovni načini enzimskog dobijanja monoacilglicerola kao što su parcijalna hidroliza masti i ulja poziciono specifičnim lipazama, esterifikacija masnih kiselina i alkohola i gliceroliza masti i ulja, sa posebnim osvrtom na prednosti i nedostatke svakog od njih. PB - Association of Chemical Engineers of Serbia T2 - Hemijska industrija T1 - Synthesis of monoacylglycerols by enzymatic methods T1 - Enzimska sinteza monoacilglicerola EP - 388 IS - 5 SP - 375 VL - 64 DO - 10.2298/HEMIND100510040B ER -
@article{ author = "Bradić, Milena R. and Ognjanović, Nevena and Bezbradica, Dejan and Grbavčić, Sanja and Avramović, Nataša and Mijin, Dušan and Knežević-Jugović, Zorica", year = "2010", abstract = "Monoacylglycerols are non-ionic surfactants widely used in the food industry. They are also important in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as drug carriers and for consistency improvements in creams and lotions. The current process for their production is based on the glycerolysis of natural fats and oils in the presence of inorganic catalysts at temperatures higher than 220°C. The major drawbacks of this process include high-energy consumption, low yield, and poor product quality. The use of lipases for monoacylglycerols production offers environmental advantages and a reduction in energy consumption. Besides, the same surfactants prepared by the enzymatic synthesis may be labeled as 'natural'. Recent progress in the application of highly-stable lipases in the organic solvents offers the possibility of employing various methods to the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of monoacylglycerols, such as selective hydrolysis of fats and oils using 1,3-regiospecific lipases, the esterification of glycerol with fatty acids and the glycerolysis of fats or oils. In this review, different reaction systems such as aqueous-organic two-phase systems, microemulsions and reverse micelles systems, anhydrous organic solvents, solvent-free systems with free or immobilized lipases, as well as the use of two-phase membrane reactor systems are presented. We discuss some of the key factors, such as control of water content, removal of products from reaction system, and the effects of solvent on the lipase activity and selectivity, that must be addressed in order to obtain an efficient reaction system with high yields of monoacylglycerols. Engineering of the enzymatic monoacylglycerols synthesis processes requires also optimization of other factors such as: molar ratio of substrates, temperature, type of lipase immobilization and supports (if any), reactor design and operating regime., Monoacilgliceroli (MAG), zahvaljujući svojoj amfipatičnoj strukturi, imaju veliki značaj i primenu kao emulgatori u prehrambenoj industriji. Koriste se i u kozmetičkoj i farmaceutskoj industriji za pripremu emulzija ulje/voda (U/V) i za poboljšanje konzistencije krema i losiona. Konvencionalni hemijski postupci hidrolize masti imaju značajnih nedostataka jer se odvijaju na visokim temperaturama i pritiscima uz korišćenje neorganskih katalizatora. Pri ovako drastičnim procesnim uslovima, obrazuju se proizvodi promenjene boje i neprijatne arome, koji se moraju naknadno prečišćavati što poskupljuje proizvodnju. Enzimski postupci za dobijanje monoacilglicerola imaju značajnih prednosti, a to su pre svega blagi reakcioni uslovi, usmerenost reakcije kao i znatno manji troškovi za energiju. U ovom radu razmatrani su osnovni načini enzimskog dobijanja monoacilglicerola kao što su parcijalna hidroliza masti i ulja poziciono specifičnim lipazama, esterifikacija masnih kiselina i alkohola i gliceroliza masti i ulja, sa posebnim osvrtom na prednosti i nedostatke svakog od njih.", publisher = "Association of Chemical Engineers of Serbia", journal = "Hemijska industrija", title = "Synthesis of monoacylglycerols by enzymatic methods, Enzimska sinteza monoacilglicerola", pages = "388-375", number = "5", volume = "64", doi = "10.2298/HEMIND100510040B" }
Bradić, M. R., Ognjanović, N., Bezbradica, D., Grbavčić, S., Avramović, N., Mijin, D.,& Knežević-Jugović, Z.. (2010). Synthesis of monoacylglycerols by enzymatic methods. in Hemijska industrija Association of Chemical Engineers of Serbia., 64(5), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND100510040B
Bradić MR, Ognjanović N, Bezbradica D, Grbavčić S, Avramović N, Mijin D, Knežević-Jugović Z. Synthesis of monoacylglycerols by enzymatic methods. in Hemijska industrija. 2010;64(5):375-388. doi:10.2298/HEMIND100510040B .
Bradić, Milena R., Ognjanović, Nevena, Bezbradica, Dejan, Grbavčić, Sanja, Avramović, Nataša, Mijin, Dušan, Knežević-Jugović, Zorica, "Synthesis of monoacylglycerols by enzymatic methods" in Hemijska industrija, 64, no. 5 (2010):375-388, https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND100510040B . .