Triticale usage in the biotechnological processes: Bioethanol and lactic acid production

Abstract

Triticale shows many agronomic advantages including tolerance of acid soils, light soils, and dry conditions. This crop can be used for the ethanol production, and 8 triticale varieties were examined for it. The aim of the research was to choose a triticale variety with the lowest Falling number and the highest ethanol yield. In further research, the main aim was to see if the triticale stillage (produced during the ethanol production) can be used for the lactic acid production. According to technological parameters, the best variety is Odisej. Thermal preparation of triticale was made with distilled and tap water, but without noticeable differences in the ethanol yield. During lactic acid fermentation higher acidity was recorded in the samples without agitation, while the concentration of D- and L- lactic acid was higher in the samples with agitation. Utilization of carbohydrates was the same in both cases. The Odisej variety has the best technological characteristics, low Falling number, high α- amylase activity, no need for technical enzymes during the preparation process, as well as a high ethanol yield. Triticale stillage is a good medium for the lactic acid production, which can be used for natural preservation of stillage and its application in feed.

Tritikale ima mnogo agronomskih prednosti, i može rasti na kiselim i siromašnim zemljištima, kao i pri sušnim uslovima. Tritikale se može koristiti za proizvodnju bioetanola, i ispitano je 8 sorti ovog žita. Cilj rada je bio izabrati sortu tritikalea, sa najnižim brojem padanja i najvišim prinosom bioetanola. Dalji cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita da li džibra dobijena nakon proizvodnje bioetanola može da se koristi za proizvodnju mlečne kiseline. Na osnovu tehnoloških parametara najbolja sorta je Odisej. Proces termičke pripreme tritikalea izvođen je sa destilovanom i vodom za piće, pri čemu nisu uočene razlike u prinosu bioetanola. Tokom mlečnokiselinske fermentacije uočena je nešto veća kiselost kod uzoraka bez mešanja, veće koncentracije D- i L- mlečne kiseline kod uzoraka sa mešanjem, dok je utrošak glukoze bio isti u oba slučaja. Sorta Odisej ima najbolje tehnološke karakteristike, nizak broj padanja, visoku α-amilaznu aktivnost, nisu neophodni tehnički enzimi za proces pripreme i daje visok prinos bioetanola. Džibra tritikalea je dobra podloga za proizvodnju mlečne kiseline što je moguće iskorititi za prirodno konzervisanje džibre i njenu primenu u stočnoj ishrani.