Human exposure to trace elements via consumption of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro

Abstract

In order to assess human health risks via consumption of potentially toxic mussels, the concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn and Hg were studied in Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from the coastal area of Montenegro. By two approaches for the human health risk assessment (HHRA), considering oral reference doses by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and provisional tolerable intakes by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), it has been revealed that despite the fact that trace element levels do not exceed the defined limits for mussels, they can be limiting factors for the mussel consumption. Specifically, it was noticed that the levels of Co, Pb, Cd and Li could be the limiting factors for the consumption of mussels from this coastal area. Al and Li data obtained in this study are especially important since these two elements have not been previously studied in M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, taking into account the significant differences in concentrations of elements in different seasons, the study confirmed the starting assumption that in the calculations for the HHRA the average concentrations of elements in samples taken in different seasons during a longer period should be used.