The homogeneous photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate by colloidal cadmium sulfide

Abstract

A completely new method of initiating the homogeneous radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in bulk or in solution via the photogeneration of an electron hole pair in colloidal cadmium sulfide is presented. A polymerization mechanism involving an excited cadmium sulfide particle in both the initiation and termination steps is proposed. In the initiation a methyl methacrylate molecule is oxidized by a positive hole photogenerated in a CdS particle, which results in a novel chain‐end structure of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Degradative chain transfer to reduced excited cadmium sulfide particles is responsible for chain termination. Thus, for the first time, a detailed polymerization mechanism in which all states of the polymerization, i.e., initiation, propagation, chain transfer and termination, is presented for the polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by semiconductors. Thermogravimetry (TG) showed that the newly synthesized PMMA has greatly enhanced thermal stability when compared to normal radically prepared PMMA. In fact, the thermal stability approaches that of anionically prepared PMMA but is experimentally much easier to prepare. This technique enables the homogeneous embedding of CdS particles in a polymer matrix.