Savremeni trendovi u proizvodnji i primeni vlakana u svetu i sirovinska baza tekstilne industrije SRJ

Abstract

Posle velike ekspanzije u 1994. god., svetska proizvodnja hemijskih vlakana (sintetizovanih, celuloznih) u 1996. god. zabeležila je porast sličan ranijim godinama. Svetska proizvodnja hemijskih vlakana u 1996.god. porasla je za milion tona ili 4 % što je ukupno 24.1 milion tona, pri čemu sintetizovana vlakna beleže porast od 1.1 milion tona ili 5%, što ukupno čini 21.3 milion tona, dok je proizvodnja celuloznih vlakana opala za 5% (125,000t) i iznosila 2.8 miliona tona (uključujući acetatne cigaret filtere). Sa druge strane, proizvodnja pamuka i vune stagnirala je tokom 1996.god. Glavne promene u tehnologiji hemijskih vlakana dogodiće se u narednih deset godina i uticaće kako na kvalitet tako i na cenu vlakana. Tekstilna industrija SRJ prati trend bivše SFRJ i okolnih zemalja, i zasniva se na značajnom uvozu sirovina s obzirom da je proizvodnja prirodnih vlakana mala, a stuktura moguće proizvodnje hemijskih vlakana nedovoljno izbalansirana.

After the strong expansion in 1994, the world production of chemical fibres (synthetics, cellulosics) in 1996 increased only to the degree which had been normal in the previous years. The world production of chemical fibres increased by one million tons, or 4 % up to 24.1 million tons. The synthestics production increased by 1.1 million tons, or 5 % up to 21.3 million tons, while the cellulosics dropped by 5% or 125.000 tons down to 28 million tons (including acetate cigarette filter tow). On the other hand cotton and wool production in 1996 stagnated on the previous years level. Major changes in fibre technology will take place in the next ten years and will substantially influence quality and production costs. Textile industry of Federal Rebuplic of Yugoslavia follows the trend already established in the textile industry of former Yugoslavia and surrounding countries. Production of natural fibres is low and the structure of possible production of chemical fibres is not balanced regarding the fibre types. Therefore, the Yugoslav textile industry imports a substantial quantity of raw materials.