TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Manojlović, Vaso
AU  - Jevtić, Sanja
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Štulović, Marija
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6624
AB  - Jarosite is a specific type of hazardous waste determined by the origin of the primary raw materials of the hydrometallurgical process of zinc production. It represents a very demanding raw material for further treatment and recover of valuable metals due to their complex phase structures. The aim of this study was to collect relevant data for the designing the process of thermal decomposition of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge desired structure, which includes the transformation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) sulfates to insoluble hematite, retention of Cu, Zn and In in the form of soluble sulfates, with the possibility of their subsequent valorization by hydrometallurgical methods. Thermal decomposition of the industrial sample of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge is investigated under different temperatures (670–750 °C) and atmospheres (air and nitrogen) by thermodynamic, thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis. Physicochemical characterization of samples was done by ICP-MS, AAS, IMS, XRD, SEM techniques. The examined sample is ammonium jarosite type with the dominant phases NH4Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 × H2O (44.00%) and ZnFe2O4 (15.25%). Experimental results, physicochemical characterization and thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the maximum content of hematite (Fe2O3) and metal sulfates (Cu, Pb and Zn), as required compounds for selective metal extraction, without the presence of unreacted ammonium jarosite, was obtained at 730 °C. A kinetic study obtained by thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal decomposition of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge takes place in two phases. The activation energy, calculated using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose iso-conversion method, was 235.4 kJ mol−1 and 208.8 kJ mol−1 for the decomposition of jarosite in air and nitrogen, respectively.
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
T2  - Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
T1  - Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge thermal decomposition for hydrometallurgical utilization of valuable elements
EP  - 11810
IS  - 21
SP  - 11799
VL  - 148
DO  - 10.1007/s10973-023-12508-3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Ranitović, Milisav and Manojlović, Vaso and Jevtić, Sanja and Gajić, Nataša and Štulović, Marija",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Jarosite is a specific type of hazardous waste determined by the origin of the primary raw materials of the hydrometallurgical process of zinc production. It represents a very demanding raw material for further treatment and recover of valuable metals due to their complex phase structures. The aim of this study was to collect relevant data for the designing the process of thermal decomposition of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge desired structure, which includes the transformation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) sulfates to insoluble hematite, retention of Cu, Zn and In in the form of soluble sulfates, with the possibility of their subsequent valorization by hydrometallurgical methods. Thermal decomposition of the industrial sample of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge is investigated under different temperatures (670–750 °C) and atmospheres (air and nitrogen) by thermodynamic, thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis. Physicochemical characterization of samples was done by ICP-MS, AAS, IMS, XRD, SEM techniques. The examined sample is ammonium jarosite type with the dominant phases NH4Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 × H2O (44.00%) and ZnFe2O4 (15.25%). Experimental results, physicochemical characterization and thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the maximum content of hematite (Fe2O3) and metal sulfates (Cu, Pb and Zn), as required compounds for selective metal extraction, without the presence of unreacted ammonium jarosite, was obtained at 730 °C. A kinetic study obtained by thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal decomposition of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge takes place in two phases. The activation energy, calculated using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose iso-conversion method, was 235.4 kJ mol−1 and 208.8 kJ mol−1 for the decomposition of jarosite in air and nitrogen, respectively.",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media B.V.",
journal = "Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry",
title = "Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge thermal decomposition for hydrometallurgical utilization of valuable elements",
pages = "11810-11799",
number = "21",
volume = "148",
doi = "10.1007/s10973-023-12508-3"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Ranitović, M., Manojlović, V., Jevtić, S., Gajić, N.,& Štulović, M.. (2023). Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge thermal decomposition for hydrometallurgical utilization of valuable elements. in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Springer Science and Business Media B.V.., 148(21), 11799-11810.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12508-3

Kamberović Ž, Ranitović M, Manojlović V, Jevtić S, Gajić N, Štulović M. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge thermal decomposition for hydrometallurgical utilization of valuable elements. in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2023;148(21):11799-11810.
doi:10.1007/s10973-023-12508-3 .

Kamberović, Željko, Ranitović, Milisav, Manojlović, Vaso, Jevtić, Sanja, Gajić, Nataša, Štulović, Marija, "Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of jarosite Pb–Ag sludge thermal decomposition for hydrometallurgical utilization of valuable elements" in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, no. 21 (2023):11799-11810,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12508-3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sokić, Miroslav
AU  - Stojanović, Jovica
AU  - Marković, Branislav
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Ana
AU  - Milojkov, Dušan
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5238
AB  - This paper examines the effects of structural-textural characteristics of sulfide minerals on their leaching from polymetallic concentrates with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solutions. The polymetallic concentrate was obtained by flotation of polymetallic ore from the Rudnik deposit in Serbia. X-ray diffraction (XRD), qualitative and quantitative mineralogical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), and chemical analyses were used to characterize the polymetallic concentrate and leach residue. The polymetallic concentrate contained chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and quartz. The total content of sulfide minerals was 69.5%, and the occurrence of free sulfide mineral grains was about 60.9%. The comprehensive thermodynamic analysis was done by HSC Chemistry® package 9.9.2.3 to determine optimal experimental leaching conditions. Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite oxidized during leaching, and dissolution occurred. The oxidized galena remains in the solid residual as insoluble anglesite. Also, elemental sulfur and unleached minerals of copper, zinc, and iron were found in the leach residues. It was found that the structural assembly of sulfide minerals in the leach residue is very favorable and that undissolved sulfide grains are primarily present in free form. Accordingly, there was no reason to reduce the leaching rate with time. The presence of elemental sulfur and anglesite formed in the leaching process and precipitated on the surface of mineral grains was confirmed by XRD, quantitative and qualitative mineralogical analysis, and SEM/EDX.
PB  - Pleiades journals
T2  - Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals
T1  - Modification of Structural-Textural Properties of Sulfide Minerals at Polymetallic Concentrate Leaching with Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions
EP  - 472
IS  - 5
SP  - 457
VL  - 63
DO  - 10.3103/S1067821222050091
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sokić, Miroslav and Stojanović, Jovica and Marković, Branislav and Kamberović, Željko and Gajić, Nataša and Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Ana and Milojkov, Dušan",
year = "2022",
abstract = "This paper examines the effects of structural-textural characteristics of sulfide minerals on their leaching from polymetallic concentrates with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solutions. The polymetallic concentrate was obtained by flotation of polymetallic ore from the Rudnik deposit in Serbia. X-ray diffraction (XRD), qualitative and quantitative mineralogical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), and chemical analyses were used to characterize the polymetallic concentrate and leach residue. The polymetallic concentrate contained chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and quartz. The total content of sulfide minerals was 69.5%, and the occurrence of free sulfide mineral grains was about 60.9%. The comprehensive thermodynamic analysis was done by HSC Chemistry® package 9.9.2.3 to determine optimal experimental leaching conditions. Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite oxidized during leaching, and dissolution occurred. The oxidized galena remains in the solid residual as insoluble anglesite. Also, elemental sulfur and unleached minerals of copper, zinc, and iron were found in the leach residues. It was found that the structural assembly of sulfide minerals in the leach residue is very favorable and that undissolved sulfide grains are primarily present in free form. Accordingly, there was no reason to reduce the leaching rate with time. The presence of elemental sulfur and anglesite formed in the leaching process and precipitated on the surface of mineral grains was confirmed by XRD, quantitative and qualitative mineralogical analysis, and SEM/EDX.",
publisher = "Pleiades journals",
journal = "Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals",
title = "Modification of Structural-Textural Properties of Sulfide Minerals at Polymetallic Concentrate Leaching with Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions",
pages = "472-457",
number = "5",
volume = "63",
doi = "10.3103/S1067821222050091"
}

Sokić, M., Stojanović, J., Marković, B., Kamberović, Ž., Gajić, N., Radosavljević-Mihajlović, A.,& Milojkov, D.. (2022). Modification of Structural-Textural Properties of Sulfide Minerals at Polymetallic Concentrate Leaching with Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions. in Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals
Pleiades journals., 63(5), 457-472.
https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821222050091

Sokić M, Stojanović J, Marković B, Kamberović Ž, Gajić N, Radosavljević-Mihajlović A, Milojkov D. Modification of Structural-Textural Properties of Sulfide Minerals at Polymetallic Concentrate Leaching with Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions. in Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals. 2022;63(5):457-472.
doi:10.3103/S1067821222050091 .

Sokić, Miroslav, Stojanović, Jovica, Marković, Branislav, Kamberović, Željko, Gajić, Nataša, Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Ana, Milojkov, Dušan, "Modification of Structural-Textural Properties of Sulfide Minerals at Polymetallic Concentrate Leaching with Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions" in Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals, 63, no. 5 (2022):457-472,
https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821222050091 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Jevtić, Sanja
AU  - Sokić, Miroslav
AU  - Stojanovic, Jovica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4900
AB  - By-products from zinc hydrometallurgy are classified as hazardous waste with strong leaching toxicities. Even though numerous research papers are dedicated to valorizing valuable metals in it, the primary management route is still disposal or partial reuse, such as the Waelz process. Presented experimental research investigates possibilities of sulfidization and further processing as a technologically sustainable route for valuable metals valorization from non-standard jarosite-PbAg sludge. The comprehensive thermodynamic analysis was done by HSC Chemistry(R), through optimizing process parameters, i.e., temperature, sulfur addition, and selection of possible additives. Technological possibility of magnetic separation, flotation, and smelting of sulfidized material was also investigated; the results were below the values that allow practical application, due to the obtained texture of sulfidized jarosite, which does not allow the liberation of minerals. Smelting tests were performed on sulfidized jarosite with sulfur and without and with carbon as additive. By smelting sulfidized jarosite-PbAg sludge with added carbon in sulfidization stage at 1375 degrees C, obtained products were matte, slag, raw lead, and dust in which base, critical, and slag forming components were valorized. Valuable metals were concentrated in smelting products so as to enable further processing, which also could be interesting in the case of treatment of complex, polymetallic, and refractory primary materials, which represent a significant contribution to the circular economy.
T2  - Minerals
T1  - Technologically Sustainable Route for Metals Valorization from Jarosite-PbAg Sludge
IS  - 3
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/min11030255
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Gajić, Nataša and Korać, Marija and Jevtić, Sanja and Sokić, Miroslav and Stojanovic, Jovica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "By-products from zinc hydrometallurgy are classified as hazardous waste with strong leaching toxicities. Even though numerous research papers are dedicated to valorizing valuable metals in it, the primary management route is still disposal or partial reuse, such as the Waelz process. Presented experimental research investigates possibilities of sulfidization and further processing as a technologically sustainable route for valuable metals valorization from non-standard jarosite-PbAg sludge. The comprehensive thermodynamic analysis was done by HSC Chemistry(R), through optimizing process parameters, i.e., temperature, sulfur addition, and selection of possible additives. Technological possibility of magnetic separation, flotation, and smelting of sulfidized material was also investigated; the results were below the values that allow practical application, due to the obtained texture of sulfidized jarosite, which does not allow the liberation of minerals. Smelting tests were performed on sulfidized jarosite with sulfur and without and with carbon as additive. By smelting sulfidized jarosite-PbAg sludge with added carbon in sulfidization stage at 1375 degrees C, obtained products were matte, slag, raw lead, and dust in which base, critical, and slag forming components were valorized. Valuable metals were concentrated in smelting products so as to enable further processing, which also could be interesting in the case of treatment of complex, polymetallic, and refractory primary materials, which represent a significant contribution to the circular economy.",
journal = "Minerals",
title = "Technologically Sustainable Route for Metals Valorization from Jarosite-PbAg Sludge",
number = "3",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3390/min11030255"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Gajić, N., Korać, M., Jevtić, S., Sokić, M.,& Stojanovic, J.. (2021). Technologically Sustainable Route for Metals Valorization from Jarosite-PbAg Sludge. in Minerals, 11(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030255

Kamberović Ž, Gajić N, Korać M, Jevtić S, Sokić M, Stojanovic J. Technologically Sustainable Route for Metals Valorization from Jarosite-PbAg Sludge. in Minerals. 2021;11(3).
doi:10.3390/min11030255 .

Kamberović, Željko, Gajić, Nataša, Korać, Marija, Jevtić, Sanja, Sokić, Miroslav, Stojanovic, Jovica, "Technologically Sustainable Route for Metals Valorization from Jarosite-PbAg Sludge" in Minerals, 11, no. 3 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030255 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Jovančićević, Branimir
AU  - Brčeski, Ilija
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4522
AB  - Anode slime and tin precipitate as by-products of the electrorefining (ER) of non-standard anodes obtained after experimental smelting of waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste), in addition to the base and precious metals, contains a significant amount of tin. Due to its presence as inert SnO(2)hydrate (beta metastannic acid) and its dissipation between slime and electrolyte, anode slime processing and metals valorization are difficult. This study aimed to investigate conditions under which efficient leaching of metastannic acid could be achieved to facilitate further metals valorization, especially precious metals. The investigation was performed using the by-products obtained from the ER of the non-standard Cu anodes produced by pyrometallurgical processing of e-waste. After detailed characterization of obtained products, the influence of various process parameters like temperature, acid concentration, leaching time, as well as the influence of reducing agent, sulfur compounds, and SnO(2)hydration rate on leaching efficiency was investigated. It was found that efficiency of 99% can be achieved by leaching the desulfurized tin precipitate sample in 6 M HCl at 90 degrees C for 90 min with the addition of Mg powder. The application of the tin removal process, described in this paper, contributes to efficient material flow management. [GRAPHICS] .
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
T1  - Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products
EP  - 1912
IS  - 6
SP  - 1899
VL  - 22
DO  - 10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đokić, Jovana and Jovančićević, Branimir and Brčeski, Ilija and Ranitović, Milisav and Gajić, Nataša and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Anode slime and tin precipitate as by-products of the electrorefining (ER) of non-standard anodes obtained after experimental smelting of waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste), in addition to the base and precious metals, contains a significant amount of tin. Due to its presence as inert SnO(2)hydrate (beta metastannic acid) and its dissipation between slime and electrolyte, anode slime processing and metals valorization are difficult. This study aimed to investigate conditions under which efficient leaching of metastannic acid could be achieved to facilitate further metals valorization, especially precious metals. The investigation was performed using the by-products obtained from the ER of the non-standard Cu anodes produced by pyrometallurgical processing of e-waste. After detailed characterization of obtained products, the influence of various process parameters like temperature, acid concentration, leaching time, as well as the influence of reducing agent, sulfur compounds, and SnO(2)hydration rate on leaching efficiency was investigated. It was found that efficiency of 99% can be achieved by leaching the desulfurized tin precipitate sample in 6 M HCl at 90 degrees C for 90 min with the addition of Mg powder. The application of the tin removal process, described in this paper, contributes to efficient material flow management. [GRAPHICS] .",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management",
title = "Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products",
pages = "1912-1899",
number = "6",
volume = "22",
doi = "10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5"
}

Đokić, J., Jovančićević, B., Brčeski, I., Ranitović, M., Gajić, N.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2020). Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products. in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
Springer, New York., 22(6), 1899-1912.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5

Đokić J, Jovančićević B, Brčeski I, Ranitović M, Gajić N, Kamberović Ž. Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products. in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. 2020;22(6):1899-1912.
doi:10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5 .

Đokić, Jovana, Jovančićević, Branimir, Brčeski, Ilija, Ranitović, Milisav, Gajić, Nataša, Kamberović, Željko, "Leaching of metastannic acid from e-waste by-products" in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 22, no. 6 (2020):1899-1912,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01076-5 . .

TY  - THES
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=7606
UR  - https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:22555/bdef:Content/download
UR  - http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=20898057
UR  - http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/17464
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4688
AB  - This PhD thesis presents the process of synthesis of tin and tungsten sulfides powders for application in tribological materials by determining the optimal parameters of the synthesis process based on the results of the thermodynamic modeling. The thermodynamic modeling of the synthesis process was determined using HSC Chemistry® software modelling package, version 9.9.2.3. The thermodynamic modeling was applied in order to obtain an improved method of tin and tungsten sulfides synthesis with a technologically optimal number of operations, which contributes to the simplification of the process and energy savings. Further optimization of the synthesis process was done by varying quantity and composition of the starting materials for synthesis, as well as the basic process parameters (temperature, duration of the process of synthesis). The selection of adequate additives for process efficiency increase was also investigated. In addition, the synthesis process of tin sulfides was also characterized by the thermal analysis method, simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC-TGA). As a part of this doctoral dissertation, the synthesis of oxide precursor for tungsten sulfide synthesis was carried out by using the ultrasonic spray pyrolisis method. After the synthesis process, the characterization of powders with different instrumental methods was performed. The characterization of the synthesized powders included analysis of chemical composition by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP - OES), phase composition identification and degree of crystallinity were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) by employing the Rietveld method with the help of PowderCell Software and the RIFRANE® program and examination of morphology, as well as elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM - EDS). This PhD thesis is part of the technological development project funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, No. 34033 ”Innovative synergy of by-products, waste minimization and clean technologies in metallurgy” (2011-in progress).
AB  - U doktorskoj disertaciji su prikazani postupci sinteze prahova sulfida kalaja i volframa za primenu u tribološkim materijalima određivanjem optimalnih parametara procesa sinteze na osnovu rezultata termodinamičkog modelovanja primenom softverskog paketa HSC Chemistry® verzija 9.9.2.3. Upotreba termodinamičkog predviđanja u optimizaciji procesa sinteze je primenjena u cilju dobijanja unapređenog načina sinteze sulfida kalaja i volframa sa tehnološki optimalnim brojem operacija, što doprinosi pojednostavljenju postupka i uštedi energije. Proces sinteze je dodatno optimizovan variranjem količine i sastava polaznih materijala, kao i osnovnih procesnih parametara (temperatura i trajanje procesa sinteze). Takođe je izvršen odabir adekvatnog aditiva radi povećanja efikasnosti procesa sinteze, čiji je pozitivan uticaj potvrđen eksperimentalnim rezultatima. Pored toga, proces sinteze sufida kalaja je okarakterisan metodom termičke analize, simultanom diferencijalnom skenirajućom kalorimetrijom i termogravimetrijskom analizom (DSC – TGA). U okviru doktorske disertacije za potrebe sinteze sulfida volframa izvršena je i sinteza oksidnog prekursora metodom ultrazvučnog sprej raspršivanja. Nakon procesa sinteze izvršena je karakterizacija sintetisanih prahova različitim instrumentalnim metodama. Karakterizacija sintetisanih prahova je obuhvatila analizu hemijskog sastava optičkom emisionom spektroskopijom sa indukovano spregnutom plazmom (ICP - OES), određivanje faznog sastava i stepena kristalizacije rendgenskom difrakcionom analizom (XRD) sa Rietveldovom metodom pomoću Powder Cell i RIFRANE® programa, ispitivanje morfologije kao i elementalnog sastava skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom sa energodisperzionom analizom (SEM - EDS). Ova doktorska disertacija je urađena u okviru realizacije projekta tehnološkog razvoja koje je finansiralo Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije, evidencioni broj 34033 ”Inovativna sinergija nus-produkata, minimizacije otpada i čistije proizvodnje u metalurgiji” (2011-u toku).
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet
T1  - Synthesis and characterisation of tin and tungsten sulfide powders for application in tribological materials
T1  - Sinteza i karakterizacija prahova sulfida kalaja i volframa za primenu u tribološkim materijalima
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_17464
ER  - 

@phdthesis{
author = "Gajić, Nataša",
year = "2020",
abstract = "This PhD thesis presents the process of synthesis of tin and tungsten sulfides powders for application in tribological materials by determining the optimal parameters of the synthesis process based on the results of the thermodynamic modeling. The thermodynamic modeling of the synthesis process was determined using HSC Chemistry® software modelling package, version 9.9.2.3. The thermodynamic modeling was applied in order to obtain an improved method of tin and tungsten sulfides synthesis with a technologically optimal number of operations, which contributes to the simplification of the process and energy savings. Further optimization of the synthesis process was done by varying quantity and composition of the starting materials for synthesis, as well as the basic process parameters (temperature, duration of the process of synthesis). The selection of adequate additives for process efficiency increase was also investigated. In addition, the synthesis process of tin sulfides was also characterized by the thermal analysis method, simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC-TGA). As a part of this doctoral dissertation, the synthesis of oxide precursor for tungsten sulfide synthesis was carried out by using the ultrasonic spray pyrolisis method. After the synthesis process, the characterization of powders with different instrumental methods was performed. The characterization of the synthesized powders included analysis of chemical composition by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP - OES), phase composition identification and degree of crystallinity were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) by employing the Rietveld method with the help of PowderCell Software and the RIFRANE® program and examination of morphology, as well as elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM - EDS). This PhD thesis is part of the technological development project funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, No. 34033 ”Innovative synergy of by-products, waste minimization and clean technologies in metallurgy” (2011-in progress)., U doktorskoj disertaciji su prikazani postupci sinteze prahova sulfida kalaja i volframa za primenu u tribološkim materijalima određivanjem optimalnih parametara procesa sinteze na osnovu rezultata termodinamičkog modelovanja primenom softverskog paketa HSC Chemistry® verzija 9.9.2.3. Upotreba termodinamičkog predviđanja u optimizaciji procesa sinteze je primenjena u cilju dobijanja unapređenog načina sinteze sulfida kalaja i volframa sa tehnološki optimalnim brojem operacija, što doprinosi pojednostavljenju postupka i uštedi energije. Proces sinteze je dodatno optimizovan variranjem količine i sastava polaznih materijala, kao i osnovnih procesnih parametara (temperatura i trajanje procesa sinteze). Takođe je izvršen odabir adekvatnog aditiva radi povećanja efikasnosti procesa sinteze, čiji je pozitivan uticaj potvrđen eksperimentalnim rezultatima. Pored toga, proces sinteze sufida kalaja je okarakterisan metodom termičke analize, simultanom diferencijalnom skenirajućom kalorimetrijom i termogravimetrijskom analizom (DSC – TGA). U okviru doktorske disertacije za potrebe sinteze sulfida volframa izvršena je i sinteza oksidnog prekursora metodom ultrazvučnog sprej raspršivanja. Nakon procesa sinteze izvršena je karakterizacija sintetisanih prahova različitim instrumentalnim metodama. Karakterizacija sintetisanih prahova je obuhvatila analizu hemijskog sastava optičkom emisionom spektroskopijom sa indukovano spregnutom plazmom (ICP - OES), određivanje faznog sastava i stepena kristalizacije rendgenskom difrakcionom analizom (XRD) sa Rietveldovom metodom pomoću Powder Cell i RIFRANE® programa, ispitivanje morfologije kao i elementalnog sastava skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom sa energodisperzionom analizom (SEM - EDS). Ova doktorska disertacija je urađena u okviru realizacije projekta tehnološkog razvoja koje je finansiralo Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije, evidencioni broj 34033 ”Inovativna sinergija nus-produkata, minimizacije otpada i čistije proizvodnje u metalurgiji” (2011-u toku).",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet",
title = "Synthesis and characterisation of tin and tungsten sulfide powders for application in tribological materials, Sinteza i karakterizacija prahova sulfida kalaja i volframa za primenu u tribološkim materijalima",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_17464"
}

Gajić, N.. (2020). Synthesis and characterisation of tin and tungsten sulfide powders for application in tribological materials. 
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_17464

Gajić N. Synthesis and characterisation of tin and tungsten sulfide powders for application in tribological materials. 2020;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_17464 .

Gajić, Nataša, "Synthesis and characterisation of tin and tungsten sulfide powders for application in tribological materials" (2020),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_17464 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Dimitrijević, Stevan
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4077
AB  - This study presents the results of the theoretical assessment and a preliminary experimental investigation of technology metals (TM) recovery from magnetic fraction obtained after mechanical treatment of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Experimental work included physical and chemical characterization, thermodynamic analysis, and pyrometallurgical tests corresponding to secondary lead, copper, and steel metallurgy. Technology metals recyclability and recovery potential were evaluated with respect to their distribution between metal and slag phase (difficult for recovering) versus the dust phase (easy for recovering). According to obtained results, it was determined that high-temperature processing of magnetic fraction in the electric arc furnace promotes volatilization of the TM and their pre-concentration in the filter as a dust product from which they could be valorized using further hydrometallurgical methods.
PB  - Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
T1  - Recyclability of technology metals from E-waste: Case study of in and Ga recovery from magnetic fraction
EP  - 194
IS  - 3
SP  - 183
VL  - 25
DO  - 10.30544/446
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ranitović, Milisav and Đokić, Jovana and Korać, Marija and Gajić, Nataša and Dimitrijević, Stevan",
year = "2019",
abstract = "This study presents the results of the theoretical assessment and a preliminary experimental investigation of technology metals (TM) recovery from magnetic fraction obtained after mechanical treatment of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Experimental work included physical and chemical characterization, thermodynamic analysis, and pyrometallurgical tests corresponding to secondary lead, copper, and steel metallurgy. Technology metals recyclability and recovery potential were evaluated with respect to their distribution between metal and slag phase (difficult for recovering) versus the dust phase (easy for recovering). According to obtained results, it was determined that high-temperature processing of magnetic fraction in the electric arc furnace promotes volatilization of the TM and their pre-concentration in the filter as a dust product from which they could be valorized using further hydrometallurgical methods.",
publisher = "Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Metallurgical and Materials Engineering",
title = "Recyclability of technology metals from E-waste: Case study of in and Ga recovery from magnetic fraction",
pages = "194-183",
number = "3",
volume = "25",
doi = "10.30544/446"
}

Ranitović, M., Đokić, J., Korać, M., Gajić, N.,& Dimitrijević, S.. (2019). Recyclability of technology metals from E-waste: Case study of in and Ga recovery from magnetic fraction. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia., 25(3), 183-194.
https://doi.org/10.30544/446

Ranitović M, Đokić J, Korać M, Gajić N, Dimitrijević S. Recyclability of technology metals from E-waste: Case study of in and Ga recovery from magnetic fraction. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. 2019;25(3):183-194.
doi:10.30544/446 .

Ranitović, Milisav, Đokić, Jovana, Korać, Marija, Gajić, Nataša, Dimitrijević, Stevan, "Recyclability of technology metals from E-waste: Case study of in and Ga recovery from magnetic fraction" in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 25, no. 3 (2019):183-194,
https://doi.org/10.30544/446 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Trpčevská, Jarmila
AU  - Plešingerova, Beatrice
AU  - Korać, Marija
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4247
AB  - This paper describes the synthesis of tungsten disulfide (WS2) powder by the sulfurization of tungsten trioxide (WO3) particles in the presence of additive potassium carbonate (K2CO3) in nitrogen (N-2) atmosphere, first at lower temperature (200 degrees C) and followed by reduction at higher temperature (900 degrees C). In addition, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of ammonium meta-tungstate hydrate (AMT) was used for the production of WO3 particles at 650 degrees C in air. The HSC ChemistryA (R) software package 9.0 was used for the analysis of chemistry and thermodynamic parameters of the processes for WS2 powder synthesis. The crystalline structure and phase composition of all synthesized powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The morphology and chemical composition of these samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
PB  - MDPI, Basel
T2  - Metals
T1  - Synthesis of Tribological WS2 Powder from WO3 Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP)
IS  - 3
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.3390/met9030277
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gajić, Nataša and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Trpčevská, Jarmila and Plešingerova, Beatrice and Korać, Marija",
year = "2019",
abstract = "This paper describes the synthesis of tungsten disulfide (WS2) powder by the sulfurization of tungsten trioxide (WO3) particles in the presence of additive potassium carbonate (K2CO3) in nitrogen (N-2) atmosphere, first at lower temperature (200 degrees C) and followed by reduction at higher temperature (900 degrees C). In addition, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of ammonium meta-tungstate hydrate (AMT) was used for the production of WO3 particles at 650 degrees C in air. The HSC ChemistryA (R) software package 9.0 was used for the analysis of chemistry and thermodynamic parameters of the processes for WS2 powder synthesis. The crystalline structure and phase composition of all synthesized powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The morphology and chemical composition of these samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).",
publisher = "MDPI, Basel",
journal = "Metals",
title = "Synthesis of Tribological WS2 Powder from WO3 Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP)",
number = "3",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.3390/met9030277"
}

Gajić, N., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Trpčevská, J., Plešingerova, B.,& Korać, M.. (2019). Synthesis of Tribological WS2 Powder from WO3 Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP). in Metals
MDPI, Basel., 9(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/met9030277

Gajić N, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Trpčevská J, Plešingerova B, Korać M. Synthesis of Tribological WS2 Powder from WO3 Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP). in Metals. 2019;9(3).
doi:10.3390/met9030277 .

Gajić, Nataša, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Trpčevská, Jarmila, Plešingerova, Beatrice, Korać, Marija, "Synthesis of Tribological WS2 Powder from WO3 Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP)" in Metals, 9, no. 3 (2019),
https://doi.org/10.3390/met9030277 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Trpčevská, Jarmila
AU  - Stamatović, Mirko
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4256
AB  - The aim of this research was to study the effect of graphite addition in the process of synthesis of tribological materials based on tin sulphides. The tin sulphides powders were synthesized from selected precursors by pyrometallurgical method in rotary tilting tube furnace. The thermodynamic parameters of the synthesis were determined using HSC Chemistry software modelling package. In addition, the synthesis process was also characterized by the thermal analysis method: simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DCS-TGA). The characterization of the synthesized tin sulphides powders included analysis of chemical composition by optical emission spectroscopy, phase composition identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and examination of morphology, as well as elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The hexagonal SnS2 and orthorhombic Sn2S3 phases were formed after the thermal treatment of starting powders in nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained results indicate the positive effects of the graphite addition which enables the synthesis of tin sulphide powders with appropriate content of sulphide phases with minimal loss of sulphur.
PB  - Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive
EP  - 433
IS  - 4
SP  - 423
VL  - 84
DO  - 10.2298/JSC180628102G
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gajić, Nataša and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Korać, Marija and Trpčevská, Jarmila and Stamatović, Mirko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The aim of this research was to study the effect of graphite addition in the process of synthesis of tribological materials based on tin sulphides. The tin sulphides powders were synthesized from selected precursors by pyrometallurgical method in rotary tilting tube furnace. The thermodynamic parameters of the synthesis were determined using HSC Chemistry software modelling package. In addition, the synthesis process was also characterized by the thermal analysis method: simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DCS-TGA). The characterization of the synthesized tin sulphides powders included analysis of chemical composition by optical emission spectroscopy, phase composition identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and examination of morphology, as well as elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The hexagonal SnS2 and orthorhombic Sn2S3 phases were formed after the thermal treatment of starting powders in nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained results indicate the positive effects of the graphite addition which enables the synthesis of tin sulphide powders with appropriate content of sulphide phases with minimal loss of sulphur.",
publisher = "Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive",
pages = "433-423",
number = "4",
volume = "84",
doi = "10.2298/JSC180628102G"
}

Gajić, N., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Korać, M., Trpčevská, J.,& Stamatović, M.. (2019). Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd., 84(4), 423-433.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC180628102G

Gajić N, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Korać M, Trpčevská J, Stamatović M. Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2019;84(4):423-433.
doi:10.2298/JSC180628102G .

Gajić, Nataša, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Korać, Marija, Trpčevská, Jarmila, Stamatović, Mirko, "Improving the synthesis process of tribological materials based on tin sulphides by adding graphite as additive" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 84, no. 4 (2019):423-433,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC180628102G . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manojlović, Vaso
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4301
AB  - This paper aims to consider the treatment of jarosite residue using a different reducing agents, aluminum, magnesium, and carbon. The jarosite residue is not standard-it contains higher amounts of Pb and Ag, as well as in, Ga and Ge. We show thermodynamical conditions of gas phase equilibrium for the given experiments and predominance diagrams that show potential for obtaining critical metals in the metallic phase. Using a mixture of aluminum and magnesium, as reducing agents, showed proper fuming of Zn and Pb at a temperature of 1200 °C. However, magnesium alone, and carbon in the mixture of reducing agents cause poor results for zinc fuming, which is explained by the modeling of the given compositions.
AB  - U ovom radu prikazan je metod tretmana jarosit ostatka pomoću različitih reducenata: aluminijuma, magnezijum i ugljenika. Jarosit ostatak nije standardan -sadrži veće koilčine Pb i Ag, a pored njih i in, Ga i Ge. Prikazani su termodinamički uslovi ravnoteže gasne faze za date eksperimente, kao i uslovi u kojima će kritični metali biti sakupljeni u metalnoj fazi. Korišćenjem mešavine aluminijuma i magnezijuma kao reducenata postignuto je dobro isparavanje Zn i Pb na temperaturi od 1200 °C. Međutim, korišćenje samo magnezijuma ili ugljenika sa ostalim reducentima dovode do lošijih rezultata isparavanja cinka, što je objašnjeno modelovanjem datih sastava iz eksperimenata.
PB  - Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Tehnika
T1  - An alternative route for valorization of valuable metals from jarosite residue
T1  - Alternativna metoda za valorizaciju vrednih metala iz jarosit ostatka
EP  - 393
IS  - 3
SP  - 388
VL  - 74
DO  - 10.5937/tehnika1903388M
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Manojlović, Vaso and Kamberović, Željko and Gajić, Nataša",
year = "2019",
abstract = "This paper aims to consider the treatment of jarosite residue using a different reducing agents, aluminum, magnesium, and carbon. The jarosite residue is not standard-it contains higher amounts of Pb and Ag, as well as in, Ga and Ge. We show thermodynamical conditions of gas phase equilibrium for the given experiments and predominance diagrams that show potential for obtaining critical metals in the metallic phase. Using a mixture of aluminum and magnesium, as reducing agents, showed proper fuming of Zn and Pb at a temperature of 1200 °C. However, magnesium alone, and carbon in the mixture of reducing agents cause poor results for zinc fuming, which is explained by the modeling of the given compositions., U ovom radu prikazan je metod tretmana jarosit ostatka pomoću različitih reducenata: aluminijuma, magnezijum i ugljenika. Jarosit ostatak nije standardan -sadrži veće koilčine Pb i Ag, a pored njih i in, Ga i Ge. Prikazani su termodinamički uslovi ravnoteže gasne faze za date eksperimente, kao i uslovi u kojima će kritični metali biti sakupljeni u metalnoj fazi. Korišćenjem mešavine aluminijuma i magnezijuma kao reducenata postignuto je dobro isparavanje Zn i Pb na temperaturi od 1200 °C. Međutim, korišćenje samo magnezijuma ili ugljenika sa ostalim reducentima dovode do lošijih rezultata isparavanja cinka, što je objašnjeno modelovanjem datih sastava iz eksperimenata.",
publisher = "Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Tehnika",
title = "An alternative route for valorization of valuable metals from jarosite residue, Alternativna metoda za valorizaciju vrednih metala iz jarosit ostatka",
pages = "393-388",
number = "3",
volume = "74",
doi = "10.5937/tehnika1903388M"
}

Manojlović, V., Kamberović, Ž.,& Gajić, N.. (2019). An alternative route for valorization of valuable metals from jarosite residue. in Tehnika
Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije, Beograd., 74(3), 388-393.
https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1903388M

Manojlović V, Kamberović Ž, Gajić N. An alternative route for valorization of valuable metals from jarosite residue. in Tehnika. 2019;74(3):388-393.
doi:10.5937/tehnika1903388M .

Manojlović, Vaso, Kamberović, Željko, Gajić, Nataša, "An alternative route for valorization of valuable metals from jarosite residue" in Tehnika, 74, no. 3 (2019):388-393,
https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1903388M . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandić, Maja
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Uljarević, Jelena
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4289
AB  - The rising criticality of technologically inevitably metals and the continuous growth of the waste electronics promote a scientific need for development of innovative recycling process, both efficient and selective. Experimental results showed primarily that by pyrometallurgical treatment it is difficult to achieve selectivity, and secondary that the distribution of metals in melting products is too complicated, deviating from the experiential and expected. Therefore, application of an integral pyro - hydrometallurgical treatment is suggested for improved raw materials efficiency. Successful implementation of the developed state-of-art technological process, guarantee more efficient approach to recycling processes, production of new materials which supports the concepts of sustainable development and cleaner production. Proposed technological solution is applicable in industry with relatively low investments compared to expected revenues, allowing companies to become competitive in the regional market and beyond, which is particularly important for small and medium enterprises with lower operating capacities. Techno-economic justification and integral pyro - hydrometallurgical process for waste electronics recycling is presented. This paper explains measures for the further development of the recycling industry as a part of circular economy strategy in Serbia.
PB  - Institut za istrazivanja i projektovanja u privredi
T2  - Journal of Applied Engineering Science
T1  - Production of technology metals from waste electronics
EP  - 403
IS  - 3
SP  - 400
VL  - 17
DO  - 10.5937/jaes17-22105
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mandić, Maja and Đokić, Jovana and Gajić, Nataša and Uljarević, Jelena and Kamberović, Željko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The rising criticality of technologically inevitably metals and the continuous growth of the waste electronics promote a scientific need for development of innovative recycling process, both efficient and selective. Experimental results showed primarily that by pyrometallurgical treatment it is difficult to achieve selectivity, and secondary that the distribution of metals in melting products is too complicated, deviating from the experiential and expected. Therefore, application of an integral pyro - hydrometallurgical treatment is suggested for improved raw materials efficiency. Successful implementation of the developed state-of-art technological process, guarantee more efficient approach to recycling processes, production of new materials which supports the concepts of sustainable development and cleaner production. Proposed technological solution is applicable in industry with relatively low investments compared to expected revenues, allowing companies to become competitive in the regional market and beyond, which is particularly important for small and medium enterprises with lower operating capacities. Techno-economic justification and integral pyro - hydrometallurgical process for waste electronics recycling is presented. This paper explains measures for the further development of the recycling industry as a part of circular economy strategy in Serbia.",
publisher = "Institut za istrazivanja i projektovanja u privredi",
journal = "Journal of Applied Engineering Science",
title = "Production of technology metals from waste electronics",
pages = "403-400",
number = "3",
volume = "17",
doi = "10.5937/jaes17-22105"
}

Mandić, M., Đokić, J., Gajić, N., Uljarević, J.,& Kamberović, Ž.. (2019). Production of technology metals from waste electronics. in Journal of Applied Engineering Science
Institut za istrazivanja i projektovanja u privredi., 17(3), 400-403.
https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes17-22105

Mandić M, Đokić J, Gajić N, Uljarević J, Kamberović Ž. Production of technology metals from waste electronics. in Journal of Applied Engineering Science. 2019;17(3):400-403.
doi:10.5937/jaes17-22105 .

Mandić, Maja, Đokić, Jovana, Gajić, Nataša, Uljarević, Jelena, Kamberović, Željko, "Production of technology metals from waste electronics" in Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 17, no. 3 (2019):400-403,
https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes17-22105 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laubertova, Martina
AU  - Malindžakova, Marcela
AU  - Trpcevska, Jarmila
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4226
AB  - Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) from discarded mobile phones and smartphones are considerably heterogeneous materials with a high gold content (approx. 490 grams per ton). The aim of our chemical analysis of samples of WPCBs was to determine the amounts of gold using open acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS AAS). The test samples designated for chemical analysis must genuinely represent the bulk WPCBs from which they are taken. This study aimed to develop a correct sampling procedure to analyze the heterogeneous materials from printed circuit boards; explicitly concerning the influence of particle size on the precision of chemical analysis of WPCBs from discarded mobile phones. Chemical analysis of the representative sample of WPCBs with a grain size fraction of d  lt = 200 mu m determined that the gold content was 475 g.t(-1) with a low variation coefficient and low dispersion which indicates very high accuracy of the designed sampling procedure.
PB  - Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
T1  - Assessment of sampling and chemical analysis of waste printed circuit boards from weee: gold content determination
EP  - 182
IS  - 2
SP  - 171
VL  - 25
DO  - 10.30544/427
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Laubertova, Martina and Malindžakova, Marcela and Trpcevska, Jarmila and Gajić, Nataša",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) from discarded mobile phones and smartphones are considerably heterogeneous materials with a high gold content (approx. 490 grams per ton). The aim of our chemical analysis of samples of WPCBs was to determine the amounts of gold using open acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS AAS). The test samples designated for chemical analysis must genuinely represent the bulk WPCBs from which they are taken. This study aimed to develop a correct sampling procedure to analyze the heterogeneous materials from printed circuit boards; explicitly concerning the influence of particle size on the precision of chemical analysis of WPCBs from discarded mobile phones. Chemical analysis of the representative sample of WPCBs with a grain size fraction of d  lt = 200 mu m determined that the gold content was 475 g.t(-1) with a low variation coefficient and low dispersion which indicates very high accuracy of the designed sampling procedure.",
publisher = "Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Metallurgical & Materials Engineering",
title = "Assessment of sampling and chemical analysis of waste printed circuit boards from weee: gold content determination",
pages = "182-171",
number = "2",
volume = "25",
doi = "10.30544/427"
}

Laubertova, M., Malindžakova, M., Trpcevska, J.,& Gajić, N.. (2019). Assessment of sampling and chemical analysis of waste printed circuit boards from weee: gold content determination. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd., 25(2), 171-182.
https://doi.org/10.30544/427

Laubertova M, Malindžakova M, Trpcevska J, Gajić N. Assessment of sampling and chemical analysis of waste printed circuit boards from weee: gold content determination. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering. 2019;25(2):171-182.
doi:10.30544/427 .

Laubertova, Martina, Malindžakova, Marcela, Trpcevska, Jarmila, Gajić, Nataša, "Assessment of sampling and chemical analysis of waste printed circuit boards from weee: gold content determination" in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, 25, no. 2 (2019):171-182,
https://doi.org/10.30544/427 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Đokić, Jovana
AU  - Jevtić, Sanja
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3896
AB  - This paper presents an experimentally-proved hydrometallurgical process for selective metals recovery from the waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) using a combination of conventional and time-saving methods: leaching, cementation, precipitation, reduction and electrowinning. According to the results obtained in the laboratory tests, 92.4% Cu, 98.5% Pb, 96.8% Ag and over 99% Au could be selectively leached and recovered using mineral acids: sulfuric, nitric and aqua regia. Problematic tin recovery was addressed with comprehensive theoretical and experimental work, so 55.4% of Sn could be recovered through the novel physical method, which consists of two-step phase separation. Based on the results, an integral hydrometallurgical route for selective base and precious metals recovery though consecutive steps, (i) Cu, (ii) Sn, (iii) Pb and Ag, and (iv) Au, was developed. The route was tested at scaled-up laboratory level, confirming feasibility of the process and efficiencies of metals recovery. According to the obtained results, the proposed hydrometallurgical route represents an innovative and promising method for selective metals recovery from WPCBs, particularly applicable in small scale hydrometallurgical environments, focused on medium and high grade WPCBs recycling.
PB  - MDPI, Basel
T2  - Metals
T1  - Hydrometallurgical Process for Selective Metals Recovery from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards
IS  - 6
VL  - 8
DO  - 10.3390/met8060441
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Ranitović, Milisav and Korać, Marija and Anđić, Zoran and Gajić, Nataša and Đokić, Jovana and Jevtić, Sanja",
year = "2018",
abstract = "This paper presents an experimentally-proved hydrometallurgical process for selective metals recovery from the waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) using a combination of conventional and time-saving methods: leaching, cementation, precipitation, reduction and electrowinning. According to the results obtained in the laboratory tests, 92.4% Cu, 98.5% Pb, 96.8% Ag and over 99% Au could be selectively leached and recovered using mineral acids: sulfuric, nitric and aqua regia. Problematic tin recovery was addressed with comprehensive theoretical and experimental work, so 55.4% of Sn could be recovered through the novel physical method, which consists of two-step phase separation. Based on the results, an integral hydrometallurgical route for selective base and precious metals recovery though consecutive steps, (i) Cu, (ii) Sn, (iii) Pb and Ag, and (iv) Au, was developed. The route was tested at scaled-up laboratory level, confirming feasibility of the process and efficiencies of metals recovery. According to the obtained results, the proposed hydrometallurgical route represents an innovative and promising method for selective metals recovery from WPCBs, particularly applicable in small scale hydrometallurgical environments, focused on medium and high grade WPCBs recycling.",
publisher = "MDPI, Basel",
journal = "Metals",
title = "Hydrometallurgical Process for Selective Metals Recovery from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards",
number = "6",
volume = "8",
doi = "10.3390/met8060441"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Ranitović, M., Korać, M., Anđić, Z., Gajić, N., Đokić, J.,& Jevtić, S.. (2018). Hydrometallurgical Process for Selective Metals Recovery from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards. in Metals
MDPI, Basel., 8(6).
https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060441

Kamberović Ž, Ranitović M, Korać M, Anđić Z, Gajić N, Đokić J, Jevtić S. Hydrometallurgical Process for Selective Metals Recovery from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards. in Metals. 2018;8(6).
doi:10.3390/met8060441 .

Kamberović, Željko, Ranitović, Milisav, Korać, Marija, Anđić, Zoran, Gajić, Nataša, Đokić, Jovana, Jevtić, Sanja, "Hydrometallurgical Process for Selective Metals Recovery from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards" in Metals, 8, no. 6 (2018),
https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060441 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Jovanović, Nikola
AU  - Tomović, Božidar
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4018
AB  - This paper presents the results of theoretical assessment and a preliminary experimental investigation of the modified pyrometallurgical processing of metallic granulate obtained after mechanical treatment of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). The studied two-step process included oxidation of metallic granulate followed by pyrometallurgical refining in a DC arc-furnace. In the investigated process, the oxygen bounded in metal oxides, obtained during the oxidation annealing of granulate, was used as a "solid" oxidizer for subsequent pyrometallurgical refining in a DC arc-furnace. According to the obtained results, the Cu content in the produced metallic phase (anodic copper) was 98.4% and is suitable for further electro-refining process. In addition, over 94% of Au was concentrated in metallic phase, suggesting that a high Au yield could be attained. However, owing to the distribution between slag phase and filter product, only 60% of Ag was collected in the metal phase. In-between metal and slag is the metal-oxide phase, containing Cu with metals impurities, such as Sn and Pb, which was obtained as well, and could be further treated using conventional processes for additional metal valorization. The investigated concept would allow substitution of the long-lasting oxygen blowing process and application of complicated pyrometallurgical reactors and create a feasible alternative for lower operating capacities.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
T1  - Pyro-Refining of Mechanically Treated Waste Printed Circuit Boards in a DC Arc-Furnace
EP  - 259
IS  - 2
SP  - 251
VL  - 4
DO  - 10.1007/s40831-018-0167-3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Ranitović, Milisav and Korać, Marija and Jovanović, Nikola and Tomović, Božidar and Gajić, Nataša",
year = "2018",
abstract = "This paper presents the results of theoretical assessment and a preliminary experimental investigation of the modified pyrometallurgical processing of metallic granulate obtained after mechanical treatment of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). The studied two-step process included oxidation of metallic granulate followed by pyrometallurgical refining in a DC arc-furnace. In the investigated process, the oxygen bounded in metal oxides, obtained during the oxidation annealing of granulate, was used as a "solid" oxidizer for subsequent pyrometallurgical refining in a DC arc-furnace. According to the obtained results, the Cu content in the produced metallic phase (anodic copper) was 98.4% and is suitable for further electro-refining process. In addition, over 94% of Au was concentrated in metallic phase, suggesting that a high Au yield could be attained. However, owing to the distribution between slag phase and filter product, only 60% of Ag was collected in the metal phase. In-between metal and slag is the metal-oxide phase, containing Cu with metals impurities, such as Sn and Pb, which was obtained as well, and could be further treated using conventional processes for additional metal valorization. The investigated concept would allow substitution of the long-lasting oxygen blowing process and application of complicated pyrometallurgical reactors and create a feasible alternative for lower operating capacities.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy",
title = "Pyro-Refining of Mechanically Treated Waste Printed Circuit Boards in a DC Arc-Furnace",
pages = "259-251",
number = "2",
volume = "4",
doi = "10.1007/s40831-018-0167-3"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Ranitović, M., Korać, M., Jovanović, N., Tomović, B.,& Gajić, N.. (2018). Pyro-Refining of Mechanically Treated Waste Printed Circuit Boards in a DC Arc-Furnace. in Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Springer, New York., 4(2), 251-259.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-018-0167-3

Kamberović Ž, Ranitović M, Korać M, Jovanović N, Tomović B, Gajić N. Pyro-Refining of Mechanically Treated Waste Printed Circuit Boards in a DC Arc-Furnace. in Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. 2018;4(2):251-259.
doi:10.1007/s40831-018-0167-3 .

Kamberović, Željko, Ranitović, Milisav, Korać, Marija, Jovanović, Nikola, Tomović, Božidar, Gajić, Nataša, "Pyro-Refining of Mechanically Treated Waste Printed Circuit Boards in a DC Arc-Furnace" in Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 4, no. 2 (2018):251-259,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-018-0167-3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Tomović, Božidar
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3575
AB  - Wide application of hard metals requires increased consumption of their constituents. Their high cost and scarcity impose the need for finding new, both ecologically and economically justified ways for their production. In presented research, on the basis of previous research, a review of an integrated technological procedure of recycling and valorization of useful components from hard metals secondary raw materials is given. Integrated procedure for processing of hard metal's waste enables the preparation of a wide range of powders with required properties, a high efficiency and reducing the duration of individual stages of procedures for their processing. Therefore, besides conservation of natural resources there are also significant economic and energetic benefits. The developed technological procedure is in service of sustainable development.
PB  - Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
T1  - Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals
EP  - 181
IS  - 2
SP  - 167
VL  - 23
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3575
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Korać, Marija and Gajić, Nataša and Tomović, Božidar",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Wide application of hard metals requires increased consumption of their constituents. Their high cost and scarcity impose the need for finding new, both ecologically and economically justified ways for their production. In presented research, on the basis of previous research, a review of an integrated technological procedure of recycling and valorization of useful components from hard metals secondary raw materials is given. Integrated procedure for processing of hard metal's waste enables the preparation of a wide range of powders with required properties, a high efficiency and reducing the duration of individual stages of procedures for their processing. Therefore, besides conservation of natural resources there are also significant economic and energetic benefits. The developed technological procedure is in service of sustainable development.",
publisher = "Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Metallurgical & Materials Engineering",
title = "Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals",
pages = "181-167",
number = "2",
volume = "23",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3575"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Korać, M., Gajić, N.,& Tomović, B.. (2017). Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd., 23(2), 167-181.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3575

Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Korać M, Gajić N, Tomović B. Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering. 2017;23(2):167-181.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3575 .

Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Korać, Marija, Gajić, Nataša, Tomović, Božidar, "Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals" in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, 23, no. 2 (2017):167-181,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3575 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Ranitović, Milisav
AU  - Majinski, Nikola
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3218
AB  - Presented compilation of scientific, theoretical and experimental results, promotes an innovative synergy of various metals and industrial activities in metallurgy, resulting in profitable transformation of by­products and waste materials into resources. Focusing on treatment of specific by-products from zinc and copper primary production, as well on specific waste streams like WEEE and waste automotive catalysts, group is actively contribute to the Serbia, region and EU sustainability policies. In terms of sustainable development, metallurgy is a traditional part of the solution rather than part of the problem, so it is necessary to take the chance and centuries-old tradition.
AB  - U ovom radu predstavljena je kompilacija naučnih rezultata (teorijskih i eksperimentalnih) sa osnovnim ciljem da direktno promoviše sinergiju različitih industrijskih aktivnosti u metalurgiji, koja u krajnjem ishoduje profitabilnom transformacijom različitih nusprodukata i otpadnih materijala u izvore vrednih metalnih materijala. Kao što je prikazano, fokusirajući se na tretman specifičnih nusprodukata iz primarne proizvodnje cinka i bakra, kao i na tretman specifičnih otpadnih tokova poput e-otpada ili odbačenih automobilskih katalizatora, doprinosi se strategiji održivog razvoja kako Srbije, tako i regiona. U pogledu održivog razvoja, metalurgija je tradicionalni deo rešenja, a ne deo problema, zato je potrebno iskoristiti priliku i vekovnu tradiciju.
PB  - Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Tehnika
T1  - Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary and secondary raw materials
T1  - Inovativna rešenja u ekstraktivnoj metalurgiji kompleksnih primarnih i sekundarnih sirovina
EP  - 229
IS  - 2
SP  - 221
VL  - 71
DO  - 10.5937/tehnikal602221K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kamberović, Željko and Korać, Marija and Ranitović, Milisav and Majinski, Nikola and Gajić, Nataša",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Presented compilation of scientific, theoretical and experimental results, promotes an innovative synergy of various metals and industrial activities in metallurgy, resulting in profitable transformation of by­products and waste materials into resources. Focusing on treatment of specific by-products from zinc and copper primary production, as well on specific waste streams like WEEE and waste automotive catalysts, group is actively contribute to the Serbia, region and EU sustainability policies. In terms of sustainable development, metallurgy is a traditional part of the solution rather than part of the problem, so it is necessary to take the chance and centuries-old tradition., U ovom radu predstavljena je kompilacija naučnih rezultata (teorijskih i eksperimentalnih) sa osnovnim ciljem da direktno promoviše sinergiju različitih industrijskih aktivnosti u metalurgiji, koja u krajnjem ishoduje profitabilnom transformacijom različitih nusprodukata i otpadnih materijala u izvore vrednih metalnih materijala. Kao što je prikazano, fokusirajući se na tretman specifičnih nusprodukata iz primarne proizvodnje cinka i bakra, kao i na tretman specifičnih otpadnih tokova poput e-otpada ili odbačenih automobilskih katalizatora, doprinosi se strategiji održivog razvoja kako Srbije, tako i regiona. U pogledu održivog razvoja, metalurgija je tradicionalni deo rešenja, a ne deo problema, zato je potrebno iskoristiti priliku i vekovnu tradiciju.",
publisher = "Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Tehnika",
title = "Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary and secondary raw materials, Inovativna rešenja u ekstraktivnoj metalurgiji kompleksnih primarnih i sekundarnih sirovina",
pages = "229-221",
number = "2",
volume = "71",
doi = "10.5937/tehnikal602221K"
}

Kamberović, Ž., Korać, M., Ranitović, M., Majinski, N.,& Gajić, N.. (2016). Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary and secondary raw materials. in Tehnika
Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije, Beograd., 71(2), 221-229.
https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnikal602221K

Kamberović Ž, Korać M, Ranitović M, Majinski N, Gajić N. Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary and secondary raw materials. in Tehnika. 2016;71(2):221-229.
doi:10.5937/tehnikal602221K .

Kamberović, Željko, Korać, Marija, Ranitović, Milisav, Majinski, Nikola, Gajić, Nataša, "Innovative solutions for the extraction of technology metals from complex primary and secondary raw materials" in Tehnika, 71, no. 2 (2016):221-229,
https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnikal602221K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Vesna
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Anđić, Zoran
AU  - Korać, Marija
AU  - Sokić, Miroslav
AU  - Gajić, Nataša
AU  - Jovanović, Nikola
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2916
AB  - The goal of this research was to examine exploitation properties of Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst supported on alpha-Al2O3 based foam in the dry methane reforming. The catalyst was prepared by using aerosol method. Chloride precursors for Ni and Pd were reduced by hydrogen at low temperature of 533 K, without previous calcination. The reforming experiment was performed for 3 h, with standing time of 1 h for each of the following temperatures: 873, 973 and 1023 K. Conclusions on selectivity, catalytic activity and stability were made on the basis of CO and H-2 yields.
PB  - Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
T1  - Exploitation properties of ni-pd/al2o3 catalyst supported on ceramic foam
EP  - 282
IS  - 4
SP  - 277
VL  - 21
DO  - 10.30544/74
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Vesna and Kamberović, Željko and Anđić, Zoran and Korać, Marija and Sokić, Miroslav and Gajić, Nataša and Jovanović, Nikola",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The goal of this research was to examine exploitation properties of Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst supported on alpha-Al2O3 based foam in the dry methane reforming. The catalyst was prepared by using aerosol method. Chloride precursors for Ni and Pd were reduced by hydrogen at low temperature of 533 K, without previous calcination. The reforming experiment was performed for 3 h, with standing time of 1 h for each of the following temperatures: 873, 973 and 1023 K. Conclusions on selectivity, catalytic activity and stability were made on the basis of CO and H-2 yields.",
publisher = "Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Metallurgical & Materials Engineering",
title = "Exploitation properties of ni-pd/al2o3 catalyst supported on ceramic foam",
pages = "282-277",
number = "4",
volume = "21",
doi = "10.30544/74"
}

Nikolić, V., Kamberović, Ž., Anđić, Z., Korać, M., Sokić, M., Gajić, N.,& Jovanović, N.. (2015). Exploitation properties of ni-pd/al2o3 catalyst supported on ceramic foam. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd., 21(4), 277-282.
https://doi.org/10.30544/74

Nikolić V, Kamberović Ž, Anđić Z, Korać M, Sokić M, Gajić N, Jovanović N. Exploitation properties of ni-pd/al2o3 catalyst supported on ceramic foam. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering. 2015;21(4):277-282.
doi:10.30544/74 .

Nikolić, Vesna, Kamberović, Željko, Anđić, Zoran, Korać, Marija, Sokić, Miroslav, Gajić, Nataša, Jovanović, Nikola, "Exploitation properties of ni-pd/al2o3 catalyst supported on ceramic foam" in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, 21, no. 4 (2015):277-282,
https://doi.org/10.30544/74 . .