TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miladinović, Marija R.
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Veljović, Đorđe
AU  - Krstić, Jugoslav
AU  - Banković-Ilić, Ivana B.
AU  - Veljković, Vlada B.
AU  - Stamenković, Olivera S.
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4350
AB  - The catalytic activity of the walnut shell ash was investigated in the biodiesel production by the sunflower oil methanolysis. The catalyst was characterized by the TG-DTA, XRD, Hg porosimetry, Ny physisorption, SEM, and Hammett method. In addition, the effects of the catalyst loading and the methanolto-oil molar ratio on the methyl esters synthesis were tested at the reaction temperature of 60 degrees C. The walnut shell ash provided a very fast reaction and a high FAME content (over 98%). As the reaction occurred in the absence of triacylglycerols mass transfer limitation, the pseudo-first-order model was employed for describing the kinetics of the reaction. The catalyst was successfully reused four times after the regeneration of the catalytic activity by recalcination at 800 degrees C.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Renewable Energy
T1  - Valorization of walnut shell ash as a catalyst for biodiesel production
EP  - 1043
SP  - 1033
VL  - 147
DO  - 10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.056
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Miladinović, Marija R. and Zdujić, Miodrag and Veljović, Đorđe and Krstić, Jugoslav and Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. and Veljković, Vlada B. and Stamenković, Olivera S.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The catalytic activity of the walnut shell ash was investigated in the biodiesel production by the sunflower oil methanolysis. The catalyst was characterized by the TG-DTA, XRD, Hg porosimetry, Ny physisorption, SEM, and Hammett method. In addition, the effects of the catalyst loading and the methanolto-oil molar ratio on the methyl esters synthesis were tested at the reaction temperature of 60 degrees C. The walnut shell ash provided a very fast reaction and a high FAME content (over 98%). As the reaction occurred in the absence of triacylglycerols mass transfer limitation, the pseudo-first-order model was employed for describing the kinetics of the reaction. The catalyst was successfully reused four times after the regeneration of the catalytic activity by recalcination at 800 degrees C.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Renewable Energy",
title = "Valorization of walnut shell ash as a catalyst for biodiesel production",
pages = "1043-1033",
volume = "147",
doi = "10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.056"
}

Miladinović, M. R., Zdujić, M., Veljović, Đ., Krstić, J., Banković-Ilić, I. B., Veljković, V. B.,& Stamenković, O. S.. (2020). Valorization of walnut shell ash as a catalyst for biodiesel production. in Renewable Energy
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 147, 1033-1043.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.056

Miladinović MR, Zdujić M, Veljović Đ, Krstić J, Banković-Ilić IB, Veljković VB, Stamenković OS. Valorization of walnut shell ash as a catalyst for biodiesel production. in Renewable Energy. 2020;147:1033-1043.
doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.056 .

Miladinović, Marija R., Zdujić, Miodrag, Veljović, Đorđe, Krstić, Jugoslav, Banković-Ilić, Ivana B., Veljković, Vlada B., Stamenković, Olivera S., "Valorization of walnut shell ash as a catalyst for biodiesel production" in Renewable Energy, 147 (2020):1033-1043,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.056 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Janković-Častvan, Ivona
AU  - Marković, Smilja
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4261
AB  - The powder mixtures of calcium oxide (CaO) and silica gel (SiO2) in molar ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1 and 3:1 were mechanochemically treated with the addition of water, and were subsequently calcined with a goal of synthesizing CaSiO3, Ca3Si2O7, Ca2SiO4 compounds and CaO/Ca2SiO4 two-phase mixture. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, particle size laser diffraction (PSLD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), N-2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, Hammett indicator for basic strength and volumetric analysis for free CaO content. The catalytic activity of calcium silicates with different Ca/Si ratios was tested in the transesterification of triacylglycerols (sunflower oil) with methanol. Samples obtained with initial composition 2CaO center dot SiO2 and 3CaO center dot SiO2 calcined at 700 degrees C, and 3CaO center dot SiO2 calcined at 900 degrees C had high catalytic activity, resulting with triacylglycerols conversion and fatty acids methyl ester formation (FAME or biodiesel) above 96%. The activity of these samples can be attributed to the existence of free CaO defined by CaO/Ca2SiO4 complex mixture. The effect of different amount of catalyst used for transesterification (0.2-2 wt%) was analyzed using the most active catalyst i.e. 3CaO center dot SiO2 calcined at 700 degrees C as well as possibility of its reuse for biodiesel synthesis. It was also found that CaSiO3, Ca3Si2O7 and Ca2SiO4, phases did not possess catalytic activity.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - Advanced Powder Technology
T1  - Synthesis of CaO-SiO2 compounds and their testing as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of sunflower oil
EP  - 1150
IS  - 6
SP  - 1141
VL  - 30
DO  - 10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.009
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Zdujić, Miodrag and Lukić, Ivana and Kesić, Željka and Janković-Častvan, Ivona and Marković, Smilja and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The powder mixtures of calcium oxide (CaO) and silica gel (SiO2) in molar ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1 and 3:1 were mechanochemically treated with the addition of water, and were subsequently calcined with a goal of synthesizing CaSiO3, Ca3Si2O7, Ca2SiO4 compounds and CaO/Ca2SiO4 two-phase mixture. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, particle size laser diffraction (PSLD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), N-2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, Hammett indicator for basic strength and volumetric analysis for free CaO content. The catalytic activity of calcium silicates with different Ca/Si ratios was tested in the transesterification of triacylglycerols (sunflower oil) with methanol. Samples obtained with initial composition 2CaO center dot SiO2 and 3CaO center dot SiO2 calcined at 700 degrees C, and 3CaO center dot SiO2 calcined at 900 degrees C had high catalytic activity, resulting with triacylglycerols conversion and fatty acids methyl ester formation (FAME or biodiesel) above 96%. The activity of these samples can be attributed to the existence of free CaO defined by CaO/Ca2SiO4 complex mixture. The effect of different amount of catalyst used for transesterification (0.2-2 wt%) was analyzed using the most active catalyst i.e. 3CaO center dot SiO2 calcined at 700 degrees C as well as possibility of its reuse for biodiesel synthesis. It was also found that CaSiO3, Ca3Si2O7 and Ca2SiO4, phases did not possess catalytic activity.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "Advanced Powder Technology",
title = "Synthesis of CaO-SiO2 compounds and their testing as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of sunflower oil",
pages = "1150-1141",
number = "6",
volume = "30",
doi = "10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.009"
}

Zdujić, M., Lukić, I., Kesić, Ž., Janković-Častvan, I., Marković, S., Jovalekić, Č.,& Skala, D.. (2019). Synthesis of CaO-SiO2 compounds and their testing as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of sunflower oil. in Advanced Powder Technology
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 30(6), 1141-1150.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.009

Zdujić M, Lukić I, Kesić Ž, Janković-Častvan I, Marković S, Jovalekić Č, Skala D. Synthesis of CaO-SiO2 compounds and their testing as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of sunflower oil. in Advanced Powder Technology. 2019;30(6):1141-1150.
doi:10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.009 .

Zdujić, Miodrag, Lukić, Ivana, Kesić, Željka, Janković-Častvan, Ivona, Marković, Smilja, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Skala, Dejan, "Synthesis of CaO-SiO2 compounds and their testing as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of sunflower oil" in Advanced Powder Technology, 30, no. 6 (2019):1141-1150,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.009 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Petrović, Slobodan
AU  - Valentić, Nataša
AU  - Mijin, Dušan
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4278
AB  - Milling of cyanoacetamide and acetoacetic ester as reactants, in the presence of KOH as the catalyst and ethanol as a viscous control agent (VCA) was performed in a planetary ball mill with the goal of investigating the effect of mechanochemical treatment for the synthesis of 3-cyano-6hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone at room temperature. The mechanochemical synthesis was performed under various milling parameters, i.e. milling time up to 4 h, number and size of balls, angular velocity as well as molar ratio of reactants and the amount of catalyst. The obtained product was characterized by m.p., UV, IR and NMR data. It was fond that the dominant process parameter is the milling time while others are of less importance. The highest isolated yield after milling was up to 56%. The combination of milling and aging increase yield over 60%.
AB  - Mlevenje cijanoacetoamida (2) i acetsirćetnog estra (1) kao reaktanata, u prisustvu KOH kao katalizatora i etanola kao agensa kojim se kontroliše viskoznost, izvedeno je u planetarnom mlinu radi ispitivanja mogućnosti mehanohemijske sinteze 3-cijano-6-hidroksi-4-metil-2-piridona (3) na sobnoj temperaturi. Mehanohemijski tretman je izveden sa različitim parametrima mlevenja: vremenom mlevenja do 4 h, različitom veličinom i brojem kuglica, različitom brzinom obrtanja, kao i različitim molarnim odnosom reaktanata i katalizatora. Dobijeni proizvod je okarakterisan određivanjem temperature topljenja, UV, IR i NMR analizama. Nađeno je da je dominantni procesni parametar vreme mlevenja, dok su ostali od manjeg uticaja. Najveći prinos izolovanog proizvoda je oko 56%, dok se naknadnim "odležavanjem" prinos povećava preko 60%.
PB  - Engineering Society for Corrosion, Belgrade, Serbia
T2  - Zaštita materijala
T1  - On the synthesis of 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone at room temperature
T1  - O sintezi 3-cijano-6-hidroksi-4-metil-2-piridona na sobnoj temperaturi
EP  - 236
IS  - 3
SP  - 229
VL  - 60
DO  - 10.5937/zasmat1903229Z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Zdujić, Miodrag and Petrović, Slobodan and Valentić, Nataša and Mijin, Dušan",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Milling of cyanoacetamide and acetoacetic ester as reactants, in the presence of KOH as the catalyst and ethanol as a viscous control agent (VCA) was performed in a planetary ball mill with the goal of investigating the effect of mechanochemical treatment for the synthesis of 3-cyano-6hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone at room temperature. The mechanochemical synthesis was performed under various milling parameters, i.e. milling time up to 4 h, number and size of balls, angular velocity as well as molar ratio of reactants and the amount of catalyst. The obtained product was characterized by m.p., UV, IR and NMR data. It was fond that the dominant process parameter is the milling time while others are of less importance. The highest isolated yield after milling was up to 56%. The combination of milling and aging increase yield over 60%., Mlevenje cijanoacetoamida (2) i acetsirćetnog estra (1) kao reaktanata, u prisustvu KOH kao katalizatora i etanola kao agensa kojim se kontroliše viskoznost, izvedeno je u planetarnom mlinu radi ispitivanja mogućnosti mehanohemijske sinteze 3-cijano-6-hidroksi-4-metil-2-piridona (3) na sobnoj temperaturi. Mehanohemijski tretman je izveden sa različitim parametrima mlevenja: vremenom mlevenja do 4 h, različitom veličinom i brojem kuglica, različitom brzinom obrtanja, kao i različitim molarnim odnosom reaktanata i katalizatora. Dobijeni proizvod je okarakterisan određivanjem temperature topljenja, UV, IR i NMR analizama. Nađeno je da je dominantni procesni parametar vreme mlevenja, dok su ostali od manjeg uticaja. Najveći prinos izolovanog proizvoda je oko 56%, dok se naknadnim "odležavanjem" prinos povećava preko 60%.",
publisher = "Engineering Society for Corrosion, Belgrade, Serbia",
journal = "Zaštita materijala",
title = "On the synthesis of 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone at room temperature, O sintezi 3-cijano-6-hidroksi-4-metil-2-piridona na sobnoj temperaturi",
pages = "236-229",
number = "3",
volume = "60",
doi = "10.5937/zasmat1903229Z"
}

Zdujić, M., Petrović, S., Valentić, N.,& Mijin, D.. (2019). On the synthesis of 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone at room temperature. in Zaštita materijala
Engineering Society for Corrosion, Belgrade, Serbia., 60(3), 229-236.
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat1903229Z

Zdujić M, Petrović S, Valentić N, Mijin D. On the synthesis of 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone at room temperature. in Zaštita materijala. 2019;60(3):229-236.
doi:10.5937/zasmat1903229Z .

Zdujić, Miodrag, Petrović, Slobodan, Valentić, Nataša, Mijin, Dušan, "On the synthesis of 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone at room temperature" in Zaštita materijala, 60, no. 3 (2019):229-236,
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat1903229Z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Miladinović, Marija R.
AU  - Veljković, Vlada B.
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Zhu, Xiaosun
AU  - Zhang, Yanan
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4016
AB  - The continuous biodiesel production from soybean oil was carried out under the subcritical condition of methanol with MnCO3/Na-silicate as a heterogeneous catalyst. The transesterification rate was first investigated in a set of experiments performed in a batch autoclave at 448 K using methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 18:1 and various catalyst loadings (5, 10 and 20 wt% based on the oil mass). The results from these experiments, as well as the experimental data and the appropriate kinetic model recently reported in the literature were used for designing a packed bed tubular reactor (PBTR), a main unit of the pilot plant with the capacity of 100 L of biodiesel per day. The pilot plant was constructed and tested under various operating conditions. The first 11 h of the pilot-plant operation was realized in the tubular reactor packed with inert glass beads (i.e. without the catalyst) in order to analyze the effect of the non-catalyzed subcritical biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) production. Then, glass beads were replaced with a mix of MnCO3/Na-silicate catalyst particles and glass beads, and the catalytic biodiesel production was continuously run under the subcritical methanol condition for 85 h. Two mass balance tests during the continuous pilot plant operation were performed.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Energy Conversion and Management
T1  - Continuous biodiesel production under subcritical condition of methanol - Design of pilot plant and packed bed reactor with MnCO3/Na-silicate catalyst
EP  - 504
SP  - 494
VL  - 168
DO  - 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.028
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Liu, Hui and Lukić, Ivana and Miladinović, Marija R. and Veljković, Vlada B. and Zdujić, Miodrag and Zhu, Xiaosun and Zhang, Yanan and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The continuous biodiesel production from soybean oil was carried out under the subcritical condition of methanol with MnCO3/Na-silicate as a heterogeneous catalyst. The transesterification rate was first investigated in a set of experiments performed in a batch autoclave at 448 K using methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 18:1 and various catalyst loadings (5, 10 and 20 wt% based on the oil mass). The results from these experiments, as well as the experimental data and the appropriate kinetic model recently reported in the literature were used for designing a packed bed tubular reactor (PBTR), a main unit of the pilot plant with the capacity of 100 L of biodiesel per day. The pilot plant was constructed and tested under various operating conditions. The first 11 h of the pilot-plant operation was realized in the tubular reactor packed with inert glass beads (i.e. without the catalyst) in order to analyze the effect of the non-catalyzed subcritical biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) production. Then, glass beads were replaced with a mix of MnCO3/Na-silicate catalyst particles and glass beads, and the catalytic biodiesel production was continuously run under the subcritical methanol condition for 85 h. Two mass balance tests during the continuous pilot plant operation were performed.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Energy Conversion and Management",
title = "Continuous biodiesel production under subcritical condition of methanol - Design of pilot plant and packed bed reactor with MnCO3/Na-silicate catalyst",
pages = "504-494",
volume = "168",
doi = "10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.028"
}

Liu, H., Lukić, I., Miladinović, M. R., Veljković, V. B., Zdujić, M., Zhu, X., Zhang, Y.,& Skala, D.. (2018). Continuous biodiesel production under subcritical condition of methanol - Design of pilot plant and packed bed reactor with MnCO3/Na-silicate catalyst. in Energy Conversion and Management
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 168, 494-504.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.028

Liu H, Lukić I, Miladinović MR, Veljković VB, Zdujić M, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Skala D. Continuous biodiesel production under subcritical condition of methanol - Design of pilot plant and packed bed reactor with MnCO3/Na-silicate catalyst. in Energy Conversion and Management. 2018;168:494-504.
doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.028 .

Liu, Hui, Lukić, Ivana, Miladinović, Marija R., Veljković, Vlada B., Zdujić, Miodrag, Zhu, Xiaosun, Zhang, Yanan, Skala, Dejan, "Continuous biodiesel production under subcritical condition of methanol - Design of pilot plant and packed bed reactor with MnCO3/Na-silicate catalyst" in Energy Conversion and Management, 168 (2018):494-504,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.028 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Yanan
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Zhu, Xiaochan
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Shen, Xiang
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4023
AB  - The MnCO3/Na silicate (Mn/Na/Si mole ratio of 4.65:1:1.65) catalyst in the form of solid particles with diameter of 0.99-1.99 mm was used as a catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil in batch autoclave at different conditions: 388-468 K, methanol-to-oil mole ratio 12:1-30:1, catalyst amount based on the mass of oil 0-12.5 %. The complete triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion and high yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was obtained after 1 h at 458 K, methanol-to-oil mole ratio 30:1 and 10 % of catalyst. Kinetics of transesterification process was analyzed by three models: the simple first order irreversible reaction rate, as well as two more complex models recently reported in literature. The catalyst reuse in transesterification process was tested and the average values of 99.0 % of TAG conversion and 97.5 % of FAME yield were obtained after 8 consecutive runs. Different techniques were used to characterize fresh and used MnCO3/Na silicate catalyst. The determined amounts of leached Na ( lt 500 ppm) and Mn ( lt 20 ppm) in biodiesel phase implied that the homogeneous-heterogeneous process influences the catalyst selectivity, whereby leached Na enables the complete transformation of TAG to FAME.
PB  - Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Biodiesel synthesis and kinetic analysis based on MnCO3/Na silicate as heterogeneous catalyst
EP  - 365
IS  - 3
SP  - 345
VL  - 83
DO  - 10.2298/JSC170612005Z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Zhang, Yanan and Liu, Hui and Zhu, Xiaochan and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Shen, Xiang and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The MnCO3/Na silicate (Mn/Na/Si mole ratio of 4.65:1:1.65) catalyst in the form of solid particles with diameter of 0.99-1.99 mm was used as a catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil in batch autoclave at different conditions: 388-468 K, methanol-to-oil mole ratio 12:1-30:1, catalyst amount based on the mass of oil 0-12.5 %. The complete triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion and high yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was obtained after 1 h at 458 K, methanol-to-oil mole ratio 30:1 and 10 % of catalyst. Kinetics of transesterification process was analyzed by three models: the simple first order irreversible reaction rate, as well as two more complex models recently reported in literature. The catalyst reuse in transesterification process was tested and the average values of 99.0 % of TAG conversion and 97.5 % of FAME yield were obtained after 8 consecutive runs. Different techniques were used to characterize fresh and used MnCO3/Na silicate catalyst. The determined amounts of leached Na ( lt 500 ppm) and Mn ( lt 20 ppm) in biodiesel phase implied that the homogeneous-heterogeneous process influences the catalyst selectivity, whereby leached Na enables the complete transformation of TAG to FAME.",
publisher = "Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Biodiesel synthesis and kinetic analysis based on MnCO3/Na silicate as heterogeneous catalyst",
pages = "365-345",
number = "3",
volume = "83",
doi = "10.2298/JSC170612005Z"
}

Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Zhu, X., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Shen, X.,& Skala, D.. (2018). Biodiesel synthesis and kinetic analysis based on MnCO3/Na silicate as heterogeneous catalyst. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd., 83(3), 345-365.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC170612005Z

Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhu X, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Shen X, Skala D. Biodiesel synthesis and kinetic analysis based on MnCO3/Na silicate as heterogeneous catalyst. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2018;83(3):345-365.
doi:10.2298/JSC170612005Z .

Zhang, Yanan, Liu, Hui, Zhu, Xiaochan, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Shen, Xiang, Skala, Dejan, "Biodiesel synthesis and kinetic analysis based on MnCO3/Na silicate as heterogeneous catalyst" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 83, no. 3 (2018):345-365,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC170612005Z . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3160
AB  - Increased environmental concern and awareness of limited reserves of fossil fuels gave a great importance to alternative and renewable energy sources over the past couple decades. An excellent substitute for mineral diesel fuels is biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), made by alcoholysis of different triacylglycerols (TAG) from various renewable sources (vegetable oils or animal fats) in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. Drawbacks of homogeneously catalyzed alcoholysis, to-day the most commonly used commercial biodiesel production process, have shifted the research focus on technologies based on utilization of solid catalyst. Heterogeneously catalyzed alcoholysis is more environmentally friendly, offers simplified production and improved process efficiency, allowing the possibility of catalyst’s regeneration, too. This technology of biodiesel synthesis is also the base for the continuous process development. Although great attention has been paid to the development of a catalyst that will have good activity and stability, followed by cheap method of synthesis, this task is still a challenge and needs further intensive research. Solid base catalysts have been characterized by high activity under mild reaction conditions and short reaction times, however, due to their sensitivity to the presence of impurities in the oil, primary the presence of free fatty acids (FFA) and water, they were not suitable, according to results of many investigations, for transesterification of lower-cost feedstock, such as non-edible plant oils and the waste cooking oils. For these feedstocks heterogeneous biodiesel synthesis should be performed applying solid acid catalyst. Despite the generally lower activity compared to solid base catalysts and higher reaction temperatures required for transesterification of oils into biodiesel, the main advantage of solid acids is their ability to simultaneously carry out esterification of FFA and transesterification of TAG. It is the main reason why application of solid acids for biodiesel production became a growing field of research during the last few years. In the present chapter, a comprehensive review of different solid acids used for biodiesel synthesis is presented. The method of catalyst preparation, type of precursor and employed calcination temperature greatly affect the acid catalyst activity and its final properties. The concentration of catalytic sites along with other characteristics, like surface area and catalyst porosity, are of great importance for catalytic activity of solid acids. The solid acids synthesis procedures and main catalyst’s characteristics are also analyzed in details, as well as the activity of solid acid catalysts in transesterification of different feedstock, with the emphasis on the lower-quality materials with high FFA content. One of the problems associated with heterogeneous catalysts is their deactivation with time due to poisoning, sintering or leaching of the active components, thus the attention in this review is also devoted to this issue. Furthermore, the transesterification process kinetics, being fundamental to reactor design and optimization of operational conditions in order to achieve maximum yield and lower cost of the process, is discussed.
T2  - Heterogeneous Catalysts: Design, Applications and Research Insights
T1  - Solid acids as catalysts for biodiesel synthesis
EP  - 136
SP  - 21
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3160
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Kesić, Željka and Zdujić, Miodrag and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Increased environmental concern and awareness of limited reserves of fossil fuels gave a great importance to alternative and renewable energy sources over the past couple decades. An excellent substitute for mineral diesel fuels is biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), made by alcoholysis of different triacylglycerols (TAG) from various renewable sources (vegetable oils or animal fats) in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. Drawbacks of homogeneously catalyzed alcoholysis, to-day the most commonly used commercial biodiesel production process, have shifted the research focus on technologies based on utilization of solid catalyst. Heterogeneously catalyzed alcoholysis is more environmentally friendly, offers simplified production and improved process efficiency, allowing the possibility of catalyst’s regeneration, too. This technology of biodiesel synthesis is also the base for the continuous process development. Although great attention has been paid to the development of a catalyst that will have good activity and stability, followed by cheap method of synthesis, this task is still a challenge and needs further intensive research. Solid base catalysts have been characterized by high activity under mild reaction conditions and short reaction times, however, due to their sensitivity to the presence of impurities in the oil, primary the presence of free fatty acids (FFA) and water, they were not suitable, according to results of many investigations, for transesterification of lower-cost feedstock, such as non-edible plant oils and the waste cooking oils. For these feedstocks heterogeneous biodiesel synthesis should be performed applying solid acid catalyst. Despite the generally lower activity compared to solid base catalysts and higher reaction temperatures required for transesterification of oils into biodiesel, the main advantage of solid acids is their ability to simultaneously carry out esterification of FFA and transesterification of TAG. It is the main reason why application of solid acids for biodiesel production became a growing field of research during the last few years. In the present chapter, a comprehensive review of different solid acids used for biodiesel synthesis is presented. The method of catalyst preparation, type of precursor and employed calcination temperature greatly affect the acid catalyst activity and its final properties. The concentration of catalytic sites along with other characteristics, like surface area and catalyst porosity, are of great importance for catalytic activity of solid acids. The solid acids synthesis procedures and main catalyst’s characteristics are also analyzed in details, as well as the activity of solid acid catalysts in transesterification of different feedstock, with the emphasis on the lower-quality materials with high FFA content. One of the problems associated with heterogeneous catalysts is their deactivation with time due to poisoning, sintering or leaching of the active components, thus the attention in this review is also devoted to this issue. Furthermore, the transesterification process kinetics, being fundamental to reactor design and optimization of operational conditions in order to achieve maximum yield and lower cost of the process, is discussed.",
journal = "Heterogeneous Catalysts: Design, Applications and Research Insights",
booktitle = "Solid acids as catalysts for biodiesel synthesis",
pages = "136-21",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3160"
}

Lukić, I., Kesić, Ž., Zdujić, M.,& Skala, D.. (2016). Solid acids as catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. in Heterogeneous Catalysts: Design, Applications and Research Insights, 21-136.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3160

Lukić I, Kesić Ž, Zdujić M, Skala D. Solid acids as catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. in Heterogeneous Catalysts: Design, Applications and Research Insights. 2016;:21-136.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3160 .

Lukić, Ivana, Kesić, Željka, Zdujić, Miodrag, Skala, Dejan, "Solid acids as catalysts for biodiesel synthesis" in Heterogeneous Catalysts: Design, Applications and Research Insights (2016):21-136,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3160 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3173
AB  - Limited reserves of fossil fuels as well as the growing concern for the environment, has led to a worldwide search for renewable energy sources, among which biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), is one of the most perspective alternative fuels since it is a non-toxic and can be produced from different renewable sources through simple cost-effective alcoholysis, while being compatible with existing infrastructures. Vegetable oils, as renewable in nature and environmentally friendly, with a possibility to be produced on a large scale, represent a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In this chapter, a comprehensive review of different vegetable oils as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis is reported, including edible and non-edible oils, as well as waste vegetable oils. Selection of feedstock for biodiesel production mainly depends on the specific conditions and circumstances in some region (climate, presence of certain crops, the economic development of a country, etc.). Various fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerols directly determine the quality and fulfillment of the standards of biodiesel. One of the crucial points which determine technology route for biodiesel synthesis is content of free fatty acids (FFA) which might be present in vegetable oils, as well as the presence of water and other compounds. Also, many analysis performed in the past have shown that the production cost of biodiesel is mainly determined by the price of used feedstock, which represents 70-80% of total production costs of biodiesel. Currently more than 95% of feedstock comes from edible oils since they are easily accessible, consists mainly of triacylglycerols, whereby the properties of biodiesel produced from these oils are suitable to be used as diesel fuel substitute. Most commonly used edible oils for biodiesel production are rapeseed, soybean, sunflower and palm. However, for economic and social reasons, in recent years research and development of biodiesel production has focused on other sources of triacylglycerols, in order to replace edible oils by lower-cost non-edible plant oils and the waste cooking oils, feedstocks that are unsuitable for human consumption. Properties of different oils and biodiesel obtained from them as well as the technologies suitable for biodiesel synthesis are compared in this chapter. The wellknown fact is that the conventional and to-day widely applied homogeneous method of biodiesel synthesis is sensitive to the presence of impurities in the oil, primarily the presence of FFA and water. Furthermore, biodiesel synthesis is followed by creation of large amount of wastewater produced during neutralization of catalyst and purification of final product. The drawbacks of a homogeneous process can be avoided by applying technologies based on utilization of heterogeneous catalyst or by application of the noncatalytic supercritical process of biodiesel synthesis. These technologies for biodiesel production were also analyzed and compared.
T2  - Vegetable Oil: Properties, Uses and Benefits
T1  - Vegetable oil as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis
EP  - 128
SP  - 83
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3173
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Kesić, Željka and Zdujić, Miodrag and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Limited reserves of fossil fuels as well as the growing concern for the environment, has led to a worldwide search for renewable energy sources, among which biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), is one of the most perspective alternative fuels since it is a non-toxic and can be produced from different renewable sources through simple cost-effective alcoholysis, while being compatible with existing infrastructures. Vegetable oils, as renewable in nature and environmentally friendly, with a possibility to be produced on a large scale, represent a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In this chapter, a comprehensive review of different vegetable oils as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis is reported, including edible and non-edible oils, as well as waste vegetable oils. Selection of feedstock for biodiesel production mainly depends on the specific conditions and circumstances in some region (climate, presence of certain crops, the economic development of a country, etc.). Various fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerols directly determine the quality and fulfillment of the standards of biodiesel. One of the crucial points which determine technology route for biodiesel synthesis is content of free fatty acids (FFA) which might be present in vegetable oils, as well as the presence of water and other compounds. Also, many analysis performed in the past have shown that the production cost of biodiesel is mainly determined by the price of used feedstock, which represents 70-80% of total production costs of biodiesel. Currently more than 95% of feedstock comes from edible oils since they are easily accessible, consists mainly of triacylglycerols, whereby the properties of biodiesel produced from these oils are suitable to be used as diesel fuel substitute. Most commonly used edible oils for biodiesel production are rapeseed, soybean, sunflower and palm. However, for economic and social reasons, in recent years research and development of biodiesel production has focused on other sources of triacylglycerols, in order to replace edible oils by lower-cost non-edible plant oils and the waste cooking oils, feedstocks that are unsuitable for human consumption. Properties of different oils and biodiesel obtained from them as well as the technologies suitable for biodiesel synthesis are compared in this chapter. The wellknown fact is that the conventional and to-day widely applied homogeneous method of biodiesel synthesis is sensitive to the presence of impurities in the oil, primarily the presence of FFA and water. Furthermore, biodiesel synthesis is followed by creation of large amount of wastewater produced during neutralization of catalyst and purification of final product. The drawbacks of a homogeneous process can be avoided by applying technologies based on utilization of heterogeneous catalyst or by application of the noncatalytic supercritical process of biodiesel synthesis. These technologies for biodiesel production were also analyzed and compared.",
journal = "Vegetable Oil: Properties, Uses and Benefits",
booktitle = "Vegetable oil as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis",
pages = "128-83",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3173"
}

Lukić, I., Kesić, Ž., Zdujić, M.,& Skala, D.. (2016). Vegetable oil as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. in Vegetable Oil: Properties, Uses and Benefits, 83-128.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3173

Lukić I, Kesić Ž, Zdujić M, Skala D. Vegetable oil as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. in Vegetable Oil: Properties, Uses and Benefits. 2016;:83-128.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3173 .

Lukić, Ivana, Kesić, Željka, Zdujić, Miodrag, Skala, Dejan, "Vegetable oil as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis" in Vegetable Oil: Properties, Uses and Benefits (2016):83-128,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_3173 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Mojović, Ljiljana
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3380
AB  - Vegetable oils are mainly esters of fatty acids and glycerol, which can be converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), also known as biodiesel, by the transesterification reaction with methanol. In order to attain environmental benignity, much attention has been focused in the last decades on utilizing heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production instead the homogenously catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oil. The pure CaO or CaO mixed with some other metal oxide due to its low solubility in methanol, FAME and glycerol, low cost and availability, is one of the most promising among the proposed heterogeneous catalysts. Solid catalysts containing CaO usually fulfill a number of important requirements, such as high activity at mild temperature, marginal leaching of Ca cations, long life activity, reusability in transesterification of vegetable oil and easy recovery from the final products of trancesterification (FAME and glycerol). This review is focused on the recent application of pure CaO or CaO in complex catalyst structure and their use as heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis and suitability for industrial application.
PB  - Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd
T2  - Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
T1  - Calcium oxide based catalysts for biodiesel production: a review
EP  - 408
IS  - 4
SP  - 391
VL  - 22
DO  - 10.2298/CICEQ160203010K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Mojović, Ljiljana and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Vegetable oils are mainly esters of fatty acids and glycerol, which can be converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), also known as biodiesel, by the transesterification reaction with methanol. In order to attain environmental benignity, much attention has been focused in the last decades on utilizing heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production instead the homogenously catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oil. The pure CaO or CaO mixed with some other metal oxide due to its low solubility in methanol, FAME and glycerol, low cost and availability, is one of the most promising among the proposed heterogeneous catalysts. Solid catalysts containing CaO usually fulfill a number of important requirements, such as high activity at mild temperature, marginal leaching of Ca cations, long life activity, reusability in transesterification of vegetable oil and easy recovery from the final products of trancesterification (FAME and glycerol). This review is focused on the recent application of pure CaO or CaO in complex catalyst structure and their use as heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis and suitability for industrial application.",
publisher = "Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd",
journal = "Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly",
title = "Calcium oxide based catalysts for biodiesel production: a review",
pages = "408-391",
number = "4",
volume = "22",
doi = "10.2298/CICEQ160203010K"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Mojović, L.,& Skala, D.. (2016). Calcium oxide based catalysts for biodiesel production: a review. in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd., 22(4), 391-408.
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ160203010K

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Mojović L, Skala D. Calcium oxide based catalysts for biodiesel production: a review. in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 2016;22(4):391-408.
doi:10.2298/CICEQ160203010K .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Mojović, Ljiljana, Skala, Dejan, "Calcium oxide based catalysts for biodiesel production: a review" in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 22, no. 4 (2016):391-408,
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ160203010K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Veljković, Vlada B.
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3383
AB  - Calcium-containing perovskites CaTiO3, CaMnO3, CaZrO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 were synthesized by calcination of mechanochemically treated stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3 and either TiO2, MnO2, ZrO2 or Fe2O3 powders. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a pure single perovskite phase for all four samples after calcination. This study proved that the pure perovskite phase exhibited low or no catalytic activity at 60 degrees C for the methanolysis of sunflower oil. However, at 165 degrees C FAME yield of more than 90% was reached after 2 h using CaTiO3, CaMnO3 and CaZrO3 as catalyst. Contrary to inactive pure perovskites at 60 degrees C, the CaTiO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 samples containing a very small amount of "free" CaO also showed methanolysis activity at 60 degrees C. This fact can be used to explain some contradictory statements reported in literature related to the perovskites as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis at mild temperatures.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - Fuel Processing Technology
T1  - Assessment of CaTiO3, CaMnO3, CaZrO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 perovskites as heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis
EP  - 168
SP  - 162
VL  - 143
DO  - 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.11.018
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Veljković, Vlada B. and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Calcium-containing perovskites CaTiO3, CaMnO3, CaZrO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 were synthesized by calcination of mechanochemically treated stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3 and either TiO2, MnO2, ZrO2 or Fe2O3 powders. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a pure single perovskite phase for all four samples after calcination. This study proved that the pure perovskite phase exhibited low or no catalytic activity at 60 degrees C for the methanolysis of sunflower oil. However, at 165 degrees C FAME yield of more than 90% was reached after 2 h using CaTiO3, CaMnO3 and CaZrO3 as catalyst. Contrary to inactive pure perovskites at 60 degrees C, the CaTiO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 samples containing a very small amount of "free" CaO also showed methanolysis activity at 60 degrees C. This fact can be used to explain some contradictory statements reported in literature related to the perovskites as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis at mild temperatures.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "Fuel Processing Technology",
title = "Assessment of CaTiO3, CaMnO3, CaZrO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 perovskites as heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis",
pages = "168-162",
volume = "143",
doi = "10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.11.018"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Jovalekić, Č., Veljković, V. B.,& Skala, D.. (2016). Assessment of CaTiO3, CaMnO3, CaZrO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 perovskites as heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. in Fuel Processing Technology
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 143, 162-168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.11.018

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Jovalekić Č, Veljković VB, Skala D. Assessment of CaTiO3, CaMnO3, CaZrO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 perovskites as heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. in Fuel Processing Technology. 2016;143:162-168.
doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.11.018 .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Veljković, Vlada B., Skala, Dejan, "Assessment of CaTiO3, CaMnO3, CaZrO3 and Ca2Fe2O5 perovskites as heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis" in Fuel Processing Technology, 143 (2016):162-168,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.11.018 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3400
AB  - In the present work, calcium diglyceroxide (CaDG) was synthesized by mechanochemical treatment of CaO dispersed in glycerol, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Hammett indicator method for base strength determination. The obtained CaDG was tested as a catalyst in the methanolysis of sunflower oil under different working conditions: catalyst amount, agitation speed, temperature and methanol to oil molar ratio. The main advantage of CaDG used as a catalyst in methanolysis is related to the initial rate of methanolysis. According to many previously reported data in literature the mass transfer resistance controls the overall rate of methanolysis, but it is not observed with CaDG used as catalyst. Recently developed kinetic model that describes the complex methanolysis process was successfully applied for this system and model parameters were determined, supporting the explanation of the physical effect of the CaDG catalyst on the reduction of mass transfer resistance and increasing the rate of methanolysis. The absence of mass transfer rate at the beginning of process is a consequence of the nature of the CaDG, which is adsorbed at the droplet interfaces between methanol and oil leading to the formation of fine dispersion of these two immiscible liquids.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Fuel
T1  - Calcium diglyceroxide synthesized by mechanochemical treatment, its characterization and application as catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production
EP  - 165
SP  - 159
VL  - 165
DO  - 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.063
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Kesić, Željka and Zdujić, Miodrag and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2016",
abstract = "In the present work, calcium diglyceroxide (CaDG) was synthesized by mechanochemical treatment of CaO dispersed in glycerol, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Hammett indicator method for base strength determination. The obtained CaDG was tested as a catalyst in the methanolysis of sunflower oil under different working conditions: catalyst amount, agitation speed, temperature and methanol to oil molar ratio. The main advantage of CaDG used as a catalyst in methanolysis is related to the initial rate of methanolysis. According to many previously reported data in literature the mass transfer resistance controls the overall rate of methanolysis, but it is not observed with CaDG used as catalyst. Recently developed kinetic model that describes the complex methanolysis process was successfully applied for this system and model parameters were determined, supporting the explanation of the physical effect of the CaDG catalyst on the reduction of mass transfer resistance and increasing the rate of methanolysis. The absence of mass transfer rate at the beginning of process is a consequence of the nature of the CaDG, which is adsorbed at the droplet interfaces between methanol and oil leading to the formation of fine dispersion of these two immiscible liquids.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Fuel",
title = "Calcium diglyceroxide synthesized by mechanochemical treatment, its characterization and application as catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production",
pages = "165-159",
volume = "165",
doi = "10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.063"
}

Lukić, I., Kesić, Ž., Zdujić, M.,& Skala, D.. (2016). Calcium diglyceroxide synthesized by mechanochemical treatment, its characterization and application as catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production. in Fuel
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 165, 159-165.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.063

Lukić I, Kesić Ž, Zdujić M, Skala D. Calcium diglyceroxide synthesized by mechanochemical treatment, its characterization and application as catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production. in Fuel. 2016;165:159-165.
doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.063 .

Lukić, Ivana, Kesić, Željka, Zdujić, Miodrag, Skala, Dejan, "Calcium diglyceroxide synthesized by mechanochemical treatment, its characterization and application as catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production" in Fuel, 165 (2016):159-165,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.063 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2921
AB  - The goal of this study was to prepare a CaO·ZnO catalyst containing a small amount of K2CO3 and analyze its activity for biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was prepared using the following procedure: CaO and ZnO (mole ratio of 1:2), water and K2CO3 (in various amounts) were mechanochemically treated and after milling heated at 700°C in air atmosphere for obtaining mixed CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 oxides (x = 0, 1, 2 and 4 mol of K2CO3 per 10 mol of CaO). All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/ energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution, solubility measurement of Ca, Zn and K ions in methanol as well as by determination of their alkalinity (Hammett indicator method). Prepared CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 composite powders were tested as catalysts for methanolysis of sunflower oil at 70 °C using mole ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 mass% of catalyst based on oil weight. The presence of K2CO3 in prepared samples was found to increase the activity of catalyst, and that such effect is caused by homogeneous-heterogeneous catalysis of biodiesel synthesis.
AB  - Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se pripremi CaO·ZnO katalizator koji sadrži malu količinu K2CO3 i analizira njegova aktivnost u sintezi biodizela. Katalizator je pripremljen prema sledećoj proceduri: CaO i ZnO (molski odnos 1:2), voda i K2CO3 (u različitoj količini) su tretirani mehanohemijski i nakon mlevenja zagrevani na 700 °C u atmosferi vazduha da bi se dobila smeša oksida CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 (x = 0, 1, 2 i 4 mol K2CO3 na 10 mol CaO). Karakterizacija pripremljenih katalizatora izvršena je metodama rendgenske difrakcije (XRD), indukovane kuplovane plazme (ICP), spektroskopije fotoelektrona dobijenih X-zracima (XPS), termogravimetrijske analize (TGA), infracrvene spektroskopije (FTIR), skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije i energetske disperzione spektroskopije (SEM/EDS), raspodele veličine čestica (PSLD), merenjem rastvorljivosti katalizatora odnosno Ca, Zn i K jona u metanolu, kao i određivanjem njihove baznosti (metodom Hametovih indikatora). Pripremljeni CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 kompozitni prahovi testirani su kao katalizatori u reakciji metanolize suncokretovog ulja na 70 °C, pri molarnom odnosu suncokretovog ulja i metanola od 1:10 i sa 2 mas.% katalizatora u odnosu na masu ulja. Pokazano je da prisustvo K2CO3 u pripremljenim uzorcima povećava aktivnost katalizatora i da je takav efekat posledica homogeno-heterogene katalize u sintezi biodizela.
PB  - Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
T1  - Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil
T1  - Mehanohemijska sinteza CaO·ZnO.K2CO3, katalizatora - karakterizacija i aktivnost u metanolizi suncokretovog ulja
EP  - 12
IS  - 1-1
SP  - 1
VL  - 21
DO  - 10.2298/CICEQ131026041K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Liu, Hui and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The goal of this study was to prepare a CaO·ZnO catalyst containing a small amount of K2CO3 and analyze its activity for biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was prepared using the following procedure: CaO and ZnO (mole ratio of 1:2), water and K2CO3 (in various amounts) were mechanochemically treated and after milling heated at 700°C in air atmosphere for obtaining mixed CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 oxides (x = 0, 1, 2 and 4 mol of K2CO3 per 10 mol of CaO). All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/ energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution, solubility measurement of Ca, Zn and K ions in methanol as well as by determination of their alkalinity (Hammett indicator method). Prepared CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 composite powders were tested as catalysts for methanolysis of sunflower oil at 70 °C using mole ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 mass% of catalyst based on oil weight. The presence of K2CO3 in prepared samples was found to increase the activity of catalyst, and that such effect is caused by homogeneous-heterogeneous catalysis of biodiesel synthesis., Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se pripremi CaO·ZnO katalizator koji sadrži malu količinu K2CO3 i analizira njegova aktivnost u sintezi biodizela. Katalizator je pripremljen prema sledećoj proceduri: CaO i ZnO (molski odnos 1:2), voda i K2CO3 (u različitoj količini) su tretirani mehanohemijski i nakon mlevenja zagrevani na 700 °C u atmosferi vazduha da bi se dobila smeša oksida CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 (x = 0, 1, 2 i 4 mol K2CO3 na 10 mol CaO). Karakterizacija pripremljenih katalizatora izvršena je metodama rendgenske difrakcije (XRD), indukovane kuplovane plazme (ICP), spektroskopije fotoelektrona dobijenih X-zracima (XPS), termogravimetrijske analize (TGA), infracrvene spektroskopije (FTIR), skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije i energetske disperzione spektroskopije (SEM/EDS), raspodele veličine čestica (PSLD), merenjem rastvorljivosti katalizatora odnosno Ca, Zn i K jona u metanolu, kao i određivanjem njihove baznosti (metodom Hametovih indikatora). Pripremljeni CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 kompozitni prahovi testirani su kao katalizatori u reakciji metanolize suncokretovog ulja na 70 °C, pri molarnom odnosu suncokretovog ulja i metanola od 1:10 i sa 2 mas.% katalizatora u odnosu na masu ulja. Pokazano je da prisustvo K2CO3 u pripremljenim uzorcima povećava aktivnost katalizatora i da je takav efekat posledica homogeno-heterogene katalize u sintezi biodizela.",
publisher = "Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly",
title = "Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil, Mehanohemijska sinteza CaO·ZnO.K2CO3, katalizatora - karakterizacija i aktivnost u metanolizi suncokretovog ulja",
pages = "12-1",
number = "1-1",
volume = "21",
doi = "10.2298/CICEQ131026041K"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Jovalekić, Č., Liu, H.,& Skala, D.. (2015). Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil. in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia., 21(1-1), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ131026041K

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Jovalekić Č, Liu H, Skala D. Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil. in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 2015;21(1-1):1-12.
doi:10.2298/CICEQ131026041K .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Liu, Hui, Skala, Dejan, "Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil" in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 21, no. 1-1 (2015):1-12,
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ131026041K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Maksimović, Svetolik
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Krstić, Jugoslav
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2608
AB  - The kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil was studied at 60 °C using mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO as catalyst. The influence of agitation speed, catalyst amount, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio on the rate of reaction was analyzed. The rate of the process depends on the two resistances - mass transfer of triglycerides to the catalyst surface and chemical reaction on the catalyst surface, which are defined as the values of the overall triglyceride volumetric mass transfer coefficient, kmt,TG, and the effective pseudo first-order reaction rate constant, k, respectively. These kinetic parameters actually determine the value of the apparent reaction rate constant, kapp, the time dependence of which is defined by the change of triglyceride (TG) conversion. A kinetic model is proposed and the model parameters are determined.
AB  - Kinetika heterogene metanolize suncokretovog ulja je ispitivana na 60 °C korišćenjem CaO·ZnO katalizatora koji je sintetizovan mehanohemijskim putem. Analiziran je uticaj intenziteta mešanja, mase korišćenog katalizatora u sintezi i različitog molskog odnosa metanola i ulja na brzinu metanolize. Brzina procesa metanolize zavisi od dva otpora - otpora prenosu mase triglicerida do površine katalizatora i otpora brzini hemijske reakcije na površini katalizatora. Oba otpora određuju vrednost ukupnog zapreminskog koeficijenta prenosa mase triglicerida, kmt,TG, odnosno efektivne vrednosti konstante brzine hemijske reakcije pseudo-prvog reda, k. Ovi kinetički parametri određuju vrednost prividne konstante brzine procesa metanolize, kapp, koja se menja sa vremenom u zavisnosti od ostvareneog stepena konverzije triglicerida (TG). Predložen je odgovarajući model kojim je moguće definisati brzinu metanolize i određeni su odgovarajući parametri ovog modela.
PB  - Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
T1  - Kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil with CaO·ZnO catalyst: Influence of different hydrodynamic conditions
T1  - Kinetika heterogene metanolize suncokretovog ulja sa CaO·ZnO kao katalizatorom - uticaj različitih hidrodinamičkih uslova
EP  - 439
IS  - 3
SP  - 425
VL  - 20
DO  - 10.2298/CICEQ130514025L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Kesić, Željka and Maksimović, Svetolik and Zdujić, Miodrag and Krstić, Jugoslav and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2014",
abstract = "The kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil was studied at 60 °C using mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO as catalyst. The influence of agitation speed, catalyst amount, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio on the rate of reaction was analyzed. The rate of the process depends on the two resistances - mass transfer of triglycerides to the catalyst surface and chemical reaction on the catalyst surface, which are defined as the values of the overall triglyceride volumetric mass transfer coefficient, kmt,TG, and the effective pseudo first-order reaction rate constant, k, respectively. These kinetic parameters actually determine the value of the apparent reaction rate constant, kapp, the time dependence of which is defined by the change of triglyceride (TG) conversion. A kinetic model is proposed and the model parameters are determined., Kinetika heterogene metanolize suncokretovog ulja je ispitivana na 60 °C korišćenjem CaO·ZnO katalizatora koji je sintetizovan mehanohemijskim putem. Analiziran je uticaj intenziteta mešanja, mase korišćenog katalizatora u sintezi i različitog molskog odnosa metanola i ulja na brzinu metanolize. Brzina procesa metanolize zavisi od dva otpora - otpora prenosu mase triglicerida do površine katalizatora i otpora brzini hemijske reakcije na površini katalizatora. Oba otpora određuju vrednost ukupnog zapreminskog koeficijenta prenosa mase triglicerida, kmt,TG, odnosno efektivne vrednosti konstante brzine hemijske reakcije pseudo-prvog reda, k. Ovi kinetički parametri određuju vrednost prividne konstante brzine procesa metanolize, kapp, koja se menja sa vremenom u zavisnosti od ostvareneog stepena konverzije triglicerida (TG). Predložen je odgovarajući model kojim je moguće definisati brzinu metanolize i određeni su odgovarajući parametri ovog modela.",
publisher = "Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly",
title = "Kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil with CaO·ZnO catalyst: Influence of different hydrodynamic conditions, Kinetika heterogene metanolize suncokretovog ulja sa CaO·ZnO kao katalizatorom - uticaj različitih hidrodinamičkih uslova",
pages = "439-425",
number = "3",
volume = "20",
doi = "10.2298/CICEQ130514025L"
}

Lukić, I., Kesić, Ž., Maksimović, S., Zdujić, M., Krstić, J.,& Skala, D.. (2014). Kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil with CaO·ZnO catalyst: Influence of different hydrodynamic conditions. in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia., 20(3), 425-439.
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ130514025L

Lukić I, Kesić Ž, Maksimović S, Zdujić M, Krstić J, Skala D. Kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil with CaO·ZnO catalyst: Influence of different hydrodynamic conditions. in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 2014;20(3):425-439.
doi:10.2298/CICEQ130514025L .

Lukić, Ivana, Kesić, Željka, Maksimović, Svetolik, Zdujić, Miodrag, Krstić, Jugoslav, Skala, Dejan, "Kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil with CaO·ZnO catalyst: Influence of different hydrodynamic conditions" in Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 20, no. 3 (2014):425-439,
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ130514025L . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2574
PB  - Czech Society of Chemical Engineering
C3  - 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P
T1  - Homogeneous-heterogeneous catalytic effect of CaO · ZnO/K2CO3 during biodiesel synthesis
SP  - 233
VL  - 1
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2574
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2014",
publisher = "Czech Society of Chemical Engineering",
journal = "21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P",
title = "Homogeneous-heterogeneous catalytic effect of CaO · ZnO/K2CO3 during biodiesel synthesis",
pages = "233",
volume = "1",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2574"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M.,& Skala, D.. (2014). Homogeneous-heterogeneous catalytic effect of CaO · ZnO/K2CO3 during biodiesel synthesis. in 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P
Czech Society of Chemical Engineering., 1, 233.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2574

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Skala D. Homogeneous-heterogeneous catalytic effect of CaO · ZnO/K2CO3 during biodiesel synthesis. in 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P. 2014;1:233.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2574 .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Skala, Dejan, "Homogeneous-heterogeneous catalytic effect of CaO · ZnO/K2CO3 during biodiesel synthesis" in 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P, 1 (2014):233,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2574 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2573
PB  - Czech Society of Chemical Engineering
C3  - 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P
T1  - Pretreatment of used vegetable oil using CaO and CaO-ZnO for biodiesel production
SP  - 347
VL  - 1
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2573
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Kesić, Željka and Zdujić, Miodrag and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2014",
publisher = "Czech Society of Chemical Engineering",
journal = "21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P",
title = "Pretreatment of used vegetable oil using CaO and CaO-ZnO for biodiesel production",
pages = "347",
volume = "1",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2573"
}

Lukić, I., Kesić, Ž., Zdujić, M.,& Skala, D.. (2014). Pretreatment of used vegetable oil using CaO and CaO-ZnO for biodiesel production. in 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P
Czech Society of Chemical Engineering., 1, 347.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2573

Lukić I, Kesić Ž, Zdujić M, Skala D. Pretreatment of used vegetable oil using CaO and CaO-ZnO for biodiesel production. in 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P. 2014;1:347.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2573 .

Lukić, Ivana, Kesić, Željka, Zdujić, Miodrag, Skala, Dejan, "Pretreatment of used vegetable oil using CaO and CaO-ZnO for biodiesel production" in 21st International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2014 and 17th Conference on P, 1 (2014):347,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_2573 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Maksimović, Svetolik
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Krstić, Jugoslav
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2423
AB  - The kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil and used vegetable oil were studied at different temperatures, ranging from 60 to 96 degrees C using CaO center dot ZnO as catalyst (2 wt% on the basis of oil) and methanol to oil molar ratio of 10:1. Heterogeneous CaO center dot ZnO catalyst was synthesized by mechanochemical treatment of CaO and ZnO powder mixture with the addition of water necessary for the formation of corresponding mixed hydroxides, and their calcination at 700 degrees C in air. It was shown that kinetics of overall process could be described as pseudo-first order reaction. For the sunflower oil methanolysis at 60 and 70 degrees C, the rate of process at the beginning of biodiesel synthesis was limited by triglycerides mass transfer to the catalyst surface, and after that it is governed by the rate of chemical reaction at catalyst surface. At higher temperatures the influence of mass transfer resistance is almost negligible implying that the rate of chemical reaction determines the overall kinetic of biodiesel synthesis. In the case of used vegetable oil, the influence of mass transfer resistance was not observed either at higher or lower temperature. The kinetic model that describes the whole process well was proposed, and it comprises both the triglycerides mass transfer and chemical reaction controlled regime. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient was defined, assuming that it depends on the conversion of triglycerides.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Fuel
T1  - Kinetics of sunflower and used vegetable oil methanolysis catalyzed by CaO·ZnO
EP  - 378
SP  - 367
VL  - 113
DO  - 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.093
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Kesić, Željka and Maksimović, Svetolik and Zdujić, Miodrag and Liu, Hui and Krstić, Jugoslav and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil and used vegetable oil were studied at different temperatures, ranging from 60 to 96 degrees C using CaO center dot ZnO as catalyst (2 wt% on the basis of oil) and methanol to oil molar ratio of 10:1. Heterogeneous CaO center dot ZnO catalyst was synthesized by mechanochemical treatment of CaO and ZnO powder mixture with the addition of water necessary for the formation of corresponding mixed hydroxides, and their calcination at 700 degrees C in air. It was shown that kinetics of overall process could be described as pseudo-first order reaction. For the sunflower oil methanolysis at 60 and 70 degrees C, the rate of process at the beginning of biodiesel synthesis was limited by triglycerides mass transfer to the catalyst surface, and after that it is governed by the rate of chemical reaction at catalyst surface. At higher temperatures the influence of mass transfer resistance is almost negligible implying that the rate of chemical reaction determines the overall kinetic of biodiesel synthesis. In the case of used vegetable oil, the influence of mass transfer resistance was not observed either at higher or lower temperature. The kinetic model that describes the whole process well was proposed, and it comprises both the triglycerides mass transfer and chemical reaction controlled regime. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient was defined, assuming that it depends on the conversion of triglycerides.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Fuel",
title = "Kinetics of sunflower and used vegetable oil methanolysis catalyzed by CaO·ZnO",
pages = "378-367",
volume = "113",
doi = "10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.093"
}

Lukić, I., Kesić, Ž., Maksimović, S., Zdujić, M., Liu, H., Krstić, J.,& Skala, D.. (2013). Kinetics of sunflower and used vegetable oil methanolysis catalyzed by CaO·ZnO. in Fuel
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 113, 367-378.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.093

Lukić I, Kesić Ž, Maksimović S, Zdujić M, Liu H, Krstić J, Skala D. Kinetics of sunflower and used vegetable oil methanolysis catalyzed by CaO·ZnO. in Fuel. 2013;113:367-378.
doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.093 .

Lukić, Ivana, Kesić, Željka, Maksimović, Svetolik, Zdujić, Miodrag, Liu, Hui, Krstić, Jugoslav, Skala, Dejan, "Kinetics of sunflower and used vegetable oil methanolysis catalyzed by CaO·ZnO" in Fuel, 113 (2013):367-378,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.093 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Brkić, Dragana
AU  - Rogan, Jelena
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2129
AB  - In this study, the synthesis of biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from sunflower oil and methanol using CaO center dot ZnO catalyst was investigated. Catalyst was synthesized by ball milling of Ca(OH)(2) and ZnO powder mixture with the addition of water (BMH), as well as solely by ball milling of mentioned powders (BM) and subsequent calcination at 700 degrees C in air atmosphere. For comparison, the CaO center dot ZnO mixed oxide was also prepared using usual coprecipitation procedure (CP) followed by calcination at 700 degrees C of the formed calcium zinc hydroxide hydrate. The BMH, BM and CP catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size distribution measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM and SEM-EDS). In addition, specific surface area (BET), solubility in methanol at 60 degrees C and alkalinity (Hammett indicator method) were also determined. The activity of BMH, BM and CP catalysts for biodiesel synthesis were tested at 60 degrees C and 1 bar, using molar ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 wt% of catalyst based on oil weight.
PB  - Elsevier, Amsterdam
T2  - Applied Catalysis A-General
T1  - Mechanochemical preparation and characterization of CaO·ZnO used as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis
EP  - 65
SP  - 58
VL  - 427-428
DO  - 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.032
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Brkić, Dragana and Rogan, Jelena and Zdujić, Miodrag and Liu, Hui and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2012",
abstract = "In this study, the synthesis of biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from sunflower oil and methanol using CaO center dot ZnO catalyst was investigated. Catalyst was synthesized by ball milling of Ca(OH)(2) and ZnO powder mixture with the addition of water (BMH), as well as solely by ball milling of mentioned powders (BM) and subsequent calcination at 700 degrees C in air atmosphere. For comparison, the CaO center dot ZnO mixed oxide was also prepared using usual coprecipitation procedure (CP) followed by calcination at 700 degrees C of the formed calcium zinc hydroxide hydrate. The BMH, BM and CP catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size distribution measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM and SEM-EDS). In addition, specific surface area (BET), solubility in methanol at 60 degrees C and alkalinity (Hammett indicator method) were also determined. The activity of BMH, BM and CP catalysts for biodiesel synthesis were tested at 60 degrees C and 1 bar, using molar ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 wt% of catalyst based on oil weight.",
publisher = "Elsevier, Amsterdam",
journal = "Applied Catalysis A-General",
title = "Mechanochemical preparation and characterization of CaO·ZnO used as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis",
pages = "65-58",
volume = "427-428",
doi = "10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.032"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Brkić, D., Rogan, J., Zdujić, M., Liu, H.,& Skala, D.. (2012). Mechanochemical preparation and characterization of CaO·ZnO used as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. in Applied Catalysis A-General
Elsevier, Amsterdam., 427-428, 58-65.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.032

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Brkić D, Rogan J, Zdujić M, Liu H, Skala D. Mechanochemical preparation and characterization of CaO·ZnO used as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. in Applied Catalysis A-General. 2012;427-428:58-65.
doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.032 .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Brkić, Dragana, Rogan, Jelena, Zdujić, Miodrag, Liu, Hui, Skala, Dejan, "Mechanochemical preparation and characterization of CaO·ZnO used as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis" in Applied Catalysis A-General, 427-428 (2012):58-65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.032 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2004
AB  - The transesterification of triglycerides (vegetable oil) with methanol using CaO·ZnO mixed oxides catalyst were conducted to produce Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), i.e. biodiesel. The catalysts were used in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, at 60°C and 1 bar, using molar ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 wt % of catalyst based on oil weight. All catalysts displayed good activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, with the yield of FAME  gt  90% after 4 hr of reaction. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Conference PRES (Prague, Czech Republic 8/25-29/2012).
PB  - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2012 and 15th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction, PRES 2012
C3  - CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Co
T1  - Mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production
DO  - 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Liu, Hui and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The transesterification of triglycerides (vegetable oil) with methanol using CaO·ZnO mixed oxides catalyst were conducted to produce Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), i.e. biodiesel. The catalysts were used in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, at 60°C and 1 bar, using molar ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 wt % of catalyst based on oil weight. All catalysts displayed good activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, with the yield of FAME  gt  90% after 4 hr of reaction. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Conference PRES (Prague, Czech Republic 8/25-29/2012).",
publisher = "20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2012 and 15th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction, PRES 2012",
journal = "CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Co",
title = "Mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production",
doi = "10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Liu, H.,& Skala, D.. (2012). Mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production. in CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Co
20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2012 and 15th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction, PRES 2012..
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Liu H, Skala D. Mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production. in CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Co. 2012;.
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509 .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Liu, Hui, Skala, Dejan, "Mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production" in CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Co (2012),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2247
AB  - The transesterification of triglycerides (vegetable oil) with methanol using CaO center dot ZnO mixed oxides catalyst were conducted to produce FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, i.e. biodiesel). Catalyst was synthesized by ball milling of CaO and ZnO powder mixture (using molar ratio of CaO and ZnO of 1:2 and 1:4) with the addition of water, as well as solely by ball milling (molar ratio of 1:2) of mentioned powders and subsequent. After ball milling prepared mixtures were calcinatied at 700 degrees C in air atmosphere. The samples of formed catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The particle size distribution as well as the base strength using Hammett indicator was determined, too. CaO. ZnO catalysts were used in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, at 60 degrees C and 1 bar, using molar ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 wt% of catalyst based on oil weight. All catalysts exhibited good activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, with the yield of FAME above 90 % after 4 hours of reaction.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - CHISA 2012
T1  - Mechanochemically synthesized CaO center dot ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production
EP  - 1178
SP  - 1169
VL  - 42
DO  - 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Liu, Hui and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The transesterification of triglycerides (vegetable oil) with methanol using CaO center dot ZnO mixed oxides catalyst were conducted to produce FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, i.e. biodiesel). Catalyst was synthesized by ball milling of CaO and ZnO powder mixture (using molar ratio of CaO and ZnO of 1:2 and 1:4) with the addition of water, as well as solely by ball milling (molar ratio of 1:2) of mentioned powders and subsequent. After ball milling prepared mixtures were calcinatied at 700 degrees C in air atmosphere. The samples of formed catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The particle size distribution as well as the base strength using Hammett indicator was determined, too. CaO. ZnO catalysts were used in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, at 60 degrees C and 1 bar, using molar ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 wt% of catalyst based on oil weight. All catalysts exhibited good activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil, with the yield of FAME above 90 % after 4 hours of reaction.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "CHISA 2012",
title = "Mechanochemically synthesized CaO center dot ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production",
pages = "1178-1169",
volume = "42",
doi = "10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Liu, H.,& Skala, D.. (2012). Mechanochemically synthesized CaO center dot ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production. in CHISA 2012
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 42, 1169-1178.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Liu H, Skala D. Mechanochemically synthesized CaO center dot ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production. in CHISA 2012. 2012;42:1169-1178.
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509 .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Liu, Hui, Skala, Dejan, "Mechanochemically synthesized CaO center dot ZnO catalyst for biodiesel production" in CHISA 2012, 42 (2012):1169-1178,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.509 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Poleti, Dejan
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Karanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5532
AB  - A powder mixture of α-Bi2O3 and HfO2, in the molar ratio 2:3, was mechanochemically treated in a planetary ball mill under air, using zirconium oxide vials and balls as the milling medium. After 50 h of milling, the mechanochemical reaction led to the formation of a nanocrystalline δ-Bi2O3 phase (fluorite-type solid solution Bi0.78Hf0.59Zr0.63O3.61), with a crystallite size of 20 nm. The mechanochemical reaction started at a very beginning of milling accompanied by an accumulation of ZrO2 arising from the milling tools. The samples prepared after various milling times were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and DSC analysis. The electrical properties of the as-milled and pressed Bi0.78Hf0.59Zr0.63O3.61 powder were studied using impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range from 100 to 700°C under air. The electrical conductivity was determined to be 9.43×10-6 and 0.080 S cm-1 for the temperatures of 300 and 700°C, respectively.
AB  - Smeša prahova α-Bi2O3 i HfO2 u molarnom odnosu 2:3 mehanohemijski je tretirana u planetarnom mlinu u atmosferi vazduha, koristeći cirkonijumske posude i kuglice kao medijum za mlevenje. Posle 50 h mlevenja, mehanohemijska reakcija dovodi do stvaranja nanokristalne δ-Bi2O3 faze (čvrsti rastvor fluoritske strukture Bi0,78Hf0,59Zr0,63O3,61), veličine kristalita 20 nm. Mehanohemijska reakcija otpočinje u samom početku mlevenja i praćena je akumulacijum ZrO2 koji potiče od medijuma za mlevenje. Uzorci dobijeni posle različitih vremena mlevenja karakterisani su rendgenskom strukturnom i termijskom analizom. Električna svojstva mlevenih i presovanih Bi0,78Hf0,59Zr0,63O3,61 prahova ispitivana su impedansnom spektroskopijom u temperaturnom opsegu od 100 do 700°C. Dobijena električna provodnost je 9,43·10-6 i 0,080 S cm-1 za temperaturu 300 i 700°C, redom.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Mechanochemical synthesis and electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline δ-Bi2O3 stabilized by HfO2 and ZrO2
EP  - 1411
IS  - 12
SP  - 1401
VL  - 74
DO  - 10.2298/JSC0912401Z
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_174
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Zdujić, Miodrag and Poleti, Dejan and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Karanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2009",
abstract = "A powder mixture of α-Bi2O3 and HfO2, in the molar ratio 2:3, was mechanochemically treated in a planetary ball mill under air, using zirconium oxide vials and balls as the milling medium. After 50 h of milling, the mechanochemical reaction led to the formation of a nanocrystalline δ-Bi2O3 phase (fluorite-type solid solution Bi0.78Hf0.59Zr0.63O3.61), with a crystallite size of 20 nm. The mechanochemical reaction started at a very beginning of milling accompanied by an accumulation of ZrO2 arising from the milling tools. The samples prepared after various milling times were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and DSC analysis. The electrical properties of the as-milled and pressed Bi0.78Hf0.59Zr0.63O3.61 powder were studied using impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range from 100 to 700°C under air. The electrical conductivity was determined to be 9.43×10-6 and 0.080 S cm-1 for the temperatures of 300 and 700°C, respectively., Smeša prahova α-Bi2O3 i HfO2 u molarnom odnosu 2:3 mehanohemijski je tretirana u planetarnom mlinu u atmosferi vazduha, koristeći cirkonijumske posude i kuglice kao medijum za mlevenje. Posle 50 h mlevenja, mehanohemijska reakcija dovodi do stvaranja nanokristalne δ-Bi2O3 faze (čvrsti rastvor fluoritske strukture Bi0,78Hf0,59Zr0,63O3,61), veličine kristalita 20 nm. Mehanohemijska reakcija otpočinje u samom početku mlevenja i praćena je akumulacijum ZrO2 koji potiče od medijuma za mlevenje. Uzorci dobijeni posle različitih vremena mlevenja karakterisani su rendgenskom strukturnom i termijskom analizom. Električna svojstva mlevenih i presovanih Bi0,78Hf0,59Zr0,63O3,61 prahova ispitivana su impedansnom spektroskopijom u temperaturnom opsegu od 100 do 700°C. Dobijena električna provodnost je 9,43·10-6 i 0,080 S cm-1 za temperaturu 300 i 700°C, redom.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Mechanochemical synthesis and electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline δ-Bi2O3 stabilized by HfO2 and ZrO2",
pages = "1411-1401",
number = "12",
volume = "74",
doi = "10.2298/JSC0912401Z",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_174"
}

Zdujić, M., Poleti, D., Jovalekić, Č.,& Karanović, L.. (2009). Mechanochemical synthesis and electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline δ-Bi2O3 stabilized by HfO2 and ZrO2. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 74(12), 1401-1411.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0912401Z
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_174

Zdujić M, Poleti D, Jovalekić Č, Karanović L. Mechanochemical synthesis and electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline δ-Bi2O3 stabilized by HfO2 and ZrO2. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2009;74(12):1401-1411.
doi:10.2298/JSC0912401Z
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_174 .

Zdujić, Miodrag, Poleti, Dejan, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Karanović, Ljiljana, "Mechanochemical synthesis and electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline δ-Bi2O3 stabilized by HfO2 and ZrO2" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 74, no. 12 (2009):1401-1411,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0912401Z .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_174 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Poleti, Dejan
AU  - Veljković, Ivana
AU  - Karanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5533
AB  - Concurrent milling of Bi4Ti3O12 was carried out in a planetary ball mill with hardened-steel 13 or 6 mm diameter balls with a goal to investigate how the system responds to the constrains imposed by milling. Milling intensity for various milling parameters was derived from the electrical power measurement. The reverse amorphous ↔ crystalline phase transition induced by milling is governed by impact energy and frequency. Below a certain threshold value of impact energy crystallization does not occur, whereas a higher impact frequency accelerates amorphization. Mechanochemical reactions are predominantly discrete processes, which occur at the moment of impact. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Materials Letters
T1  - Mechanochemically induced amorphous/crystalline phase transition in the Bi4Ti3O12 compound
EP  - 2544
IS  - 29
SP  - 2542
VL  - 63
DO  - 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.055
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3454
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Zdujić, Miodrag and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Poleti, Dejan and Veljković, Ivana and Karanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Concurrent milling of Bi4Ti3O12 was carried out in a planetary ball mill with hardened-steel 13 or 6 mm diameter balls with a goal to investigate how the system responds to the constrains imposed by milling. Milling intensity for various milling parameters was derived from the electrical power measurement. The reverse amorphous ↔ crystalline phase transition induced by milling is governed by impact energy and frequency. Below a certain threshold value of impact energy crystallization does not occur, whereas a higher impact frequency accelerates amorphization. Mechanochemical reactions are predominantly discrete processes, which occur at the moment of impact. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Materials Letters",
title = "Mechanochemically induced amorphous/crystalline phase transition in the Bi4Ti3O12 compound",
pages = "2544-2542",
number = "29",
volume = "63",
doi = "10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.055",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3454"
}

Zdujić, M., Jovalekić, Č., Poleti, D., Veljković, I.,& Karanović, L.. (2009). Mechanochemically induced amorphous/crystalline phase transition in the Bi4Ti3O12 compound. in Materials Letters
Elsevier., 63(29), 2542-2544.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.055
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3454

Zdujić M, Jovalekić Č, Poleti D, Veljković I, Karanović L. Mechanochemically induced amorphous/crystalline phase transition in the Bi4Ti3O12 compound. in Materials Letters. 2009;63(29):2542-2544.
doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.055
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3454 .

Zdujić, Miodrag, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Poleti, Dejan, Veljković, Ivana, Karanović, Ljiljana, "Mechanochemically induced amorphous/crystalline phase transition in the Bi4Ti3O12 compound" in Materials Letters, 63, no. 29 (2009):2542-2544,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.055 .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3454 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Veljković, Ivana
AU  - Poleti, Dejan
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Karanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5534
AB  - Mechanochemistry represents an alternative route in synthesis of nanomaterials. Mechanochemical routes are attractive because of their simplicity, flexibility, and ability to prepare materials by solid state reactions at room temperature. The aim of this work is the mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured titanium oxides of different composition starting from mixtures of Ti and TiO2, TiO and TiO2 or Ti 2O3 and TiO2. Emphasis is on the Magneli phases Ti4O7 and Ti5O9 because their mixture is commercially known as EBONEX material. The materials prepared were characterized by XRPD, TG/DTA analysis, SEM and optical microscopy. Titanium monoxide and several Magneli oxides, Ti4O7, Ti 5O9 and Ti6O11, are successsfully prepared. The results are very interesting because the EBONEX materials were prepared at lower than usual temperature, which would decrease the effective cost of production.
PB  - Belgrade : Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Hemijska industrija
T1  - Mechanochemistry of titanium oxides
EP  - 251
IS  - 3
SP  - 247
VL  - 63
DO  - 10.2298/HEMIND0903247V
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3458
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Veljković, Ivana and Poleti, Dejan and Zdujić, Miodrag and Karanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Mechanochemistry represents an alternative route in synthesis of nanomaterials. Mechanochemical routes are attractive because of their simplicity, flexibility, and ability to prepare materials by solid state reactions at room temperature. The aim of this work is the mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured titanium oxides of different composition starting from mixtures of Ti and TiO2, TiO and TiO2 or Ti 2O3 and TiO2. Emphasis is on the Magneli phases Ti4O7 and Ti5O9 because their mixture is commercially known as EBONEX material. The materials prepared were characterized by XRPD, TG/DTA analysis, SEM and optical microscopy. Titanium monoxide and several Magneli oxides, Ti4O7, Ti 5O9 and Ti6O11, are successsfully prepared. The results are very interesting because the EBONEX materials were prepared at lower than usual temperature, which would decrease the effective cost of production.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Hemijska industrija",
title = "Mechanochemistry of titanium oxides",
pages = "251-247",
number = "3",
volume = "63",
doi = "10.2298/HEMIND0903247V",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3458"
}

Veljković, I., Poleti, D., Zdujić, M.,& Karanović, L.. (2009). Mechanochemistry of titanium oxides. in Hemijska industrija
Belgrade : Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia., 63(3), 247-251.
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND0903247V
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3458

Veljković I, Poleti D, Zdujić M, Karanović L. Mechanochemistry of titanium oxides. in Hemijska industrija. 2009;63(3):247-251.
doi:10.2298/HEMIND0903247V
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3458 .

Veljković, Ivana, Poleti, Dejan, Zdujić, Miodrag, Karanović, Ljiljana, "Mechanochemistry of titanium oxides" in Hemijska industrija, 63, no. 3 (2009):247-251,
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND0903247V .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3458 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Poleti, Dejan
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Karanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2006
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5466
AB  - Concurrent mechanochemical treatment of either a stoichiometric 2Bi 2 O 3 · 3TiO 2 powder mixture or (pulverized) Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 compound was performed in a planetary ball mill. Relevant structural parameters: crystallite size, amount of amorphous phase and the transformed fraction (as a result of chemical reaction between Bi 2 O 3 and TiO 2 ) of the powders milled for various milling times and intensities were derived from X-ray powder diffraction data. The obtained structural parameters were used to follow the kinetics of the reduction of crystallite size, amorphous phase formation and chemical reaction. In the powder mixture, during the early stage of mechanochemical treatment the Bi 2 (CO 3 )O 2 phase was found as an intermediate product which transformed into the highly amorphized Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 phase as the milling progressed. On the other hand, mechanochemical treatment of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 powder induced a gradual deformation of the crystal lattice and destruction of the perovskite-type structure. However, in both cases, after a certain milling time, a very disordered, amorphous/nanocrystalline structure was obtained. It was demonstrated that in the steady state, the amorphous/nanocrystalline phase ratio depends on the milling conditions. Higher milling intensities induce 'nanocrystallization' of the amorphous phase, i.e., precipitation of crystallites with an average size below 20 nm. A kinetic model involving a nanocrystalline ↔ amorphous reaction, in which the forward and reverse reaction were first-order was postulated and used to analyze the formation of an amorphous phase.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
T1  - The evolution of structure induced by intensive milling in the system 2Bi 2 O 3 · 3TiO 2
EP  - 3068
IS  - 28-29
SP  - 3058
VL  - 352
DO  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.072
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Zdujić, Miodrag and Poleti, Dejan and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Karanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2006",
abstract = "Concurrent mechanochemical treatment of either a stoichiometric 2Bi 2 O 3 · 3TiO 2 powder mixture or (pulverized) Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 compound was performed in a planetary ball mill. Relevant structural parameters: crystallite size, amount of amorphous phase and the transformed fraction (as a result of chemical reaction between Bi 2 O 3 and TiO 2 ) of the powders milled for various milling times and intensities were derived from X-ray powder diffraction data. The obtained structural parameters were used to follow the kinetics of the reduction of crystallite size, amorphous phase formation and chemical reaction. In the powder mixture, during the early stage of mechanochemical treatment the Bi 2 (CO 3 )O 2 phase was found as an intermediate product which transformed into the highly amorphized Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 phase as the milling progressed. On the other hand, mechanochemical treatment of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 powder induced a gradual deformation of the crystal lattice and destruction of the perovskite-type structure. However, in both cases, after a certain milling time, a very disordered, amorphous/nanocrystalline structure was obtained. It was demonstrated that in the steady state, the amorphous/nanocrystalline phase ratio depends on the milling conditions. Higher milling intensities induce 'nanocrystallization' of the amorphous phase, i.e., precipitation of crystallites with an average size below 20 nm. A kinetic model involving a nanocrystalline ↔ amorphous reaction, in which the forward and reverse reaction were first-order was postulated and used to analyze the formation of an amorphous phase.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids",
title = "The evolution of structure induced by intensive milling in the system 2Bi 2 O 3 · 3TiO 2",
pages = "3068-3058",
number = "28-29",
volume = "352",
doi = "10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.072"
}

Zdujić, M., Poleti, D., Jovalekić, Č.,& Karanović, L.. (2006). The evolution of structure induced by intensive milling in the system 2Bi 2 O 3 · 3TiO 2. in Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Elsevier., 352(28-29), 3058-3068.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.072

Zdujić M, Poleti D, Jovalekić Č, Karanović L. The evolution of structure induced by intensive milling in the system 2Bi 2 O 3 · 3TiO 2. in Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2006;352(28-29):3058-3068.
doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.072 .

Zdujić, Miodrag, Poleti, Dejan, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Karanović, Ljiljana, "The evolution of structure induced by intensive milling in the system 2Bi 2 O 3 · 3TiO 2" in Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 352, no. 28-29 (2006):3058-3068,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.072 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poleti, Dejan
AU  - Karanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Branković, Zorica
PY  - 2004
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5416
AB  - A series of gamma-Bi2O3 phases doped with Zn, Si, Pb and Fe was prepared by mechanochemical treatment of corresponding oxide mixtures with a nominal composition 6Bi(2)O(3) (.) MOx (MOx = ZnO, SiO2, PbO) and 12Bi(2)O(3) (.) Fe2O3 using high-energy ball mill. The products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction technique. Influence of milling conditions: milling time from 5 min to 10 h, milling medium (steel or ZrO2) and injected mechanical power on unit-cell parameters and crystallinity of products, as well as on reaction kinetics are investigated and discussed.
PB  - Amsterdam : Elsevier
T2  - Solid State Sciences
T1  - Mechanochemical synthesis of gamma-Bi2O3
EP  - 245
IS  - 3
SP  - 239
VL  - 6
DO  - 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.12.003
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_12880
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Poleti, Dejan and Karanović, Ljiljana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Branković, Zorica",
year = "2004",
abstract = "A series of gamma-Bi2O3 phases doped with Zn, Si, Pb and Fe was prepared by mechanochemical treatment of corresponding oxide mixtures with a nominal composition 6Bi(2)O(3) (.) MOx (MOx = ZnO, SiO2, PbO) and 12Bi(2)O(3) (.) Fe2O3 using high-energy ball mill. The products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction technique. Influence of milling conditions: milling time from 5 min to 10 h, milling medium (steel or ZrO2) and injected mechanical power on unit-cell parameters and crystallinity of products, as well as on reaction kinetics are investigated and discussed.",
publisher = "Amsterdam : Elsevier",
journal = "Solid State Sciences",
title = "Mechanochemical synthesis of gamma-Bi2O3",
pages = "245-239",
number = "3",
volume = "6",
doi = "10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.12.003",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_12880"
}

Poleti, D., Karanović, L., Zdujić, M., Jovalekić, Č.,& Branković, Z.. (2004). Mechanochemical synthesis of gamma-Bi2O3. in Solid State Sciences
Amsterdam : Elsevier., 6(3), 239-245.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.12.003
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_12880

Poleti D, Karanović L, Zdujić M, Jovalekić Č, Branković Z. Mechanochemical synthesis of gamma-Bi2O3. in Solid State Sciences. 2004;6(3):239-245.
doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.12.003
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_12880 .

Poleti, Dejan, Karanović, Ljiljana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Branković, Zorica, "Mechanochemical synthesis of gamma-Bi2O3" in Solid State Sciences, 6, no. 3 (2004):239-245,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.12.003 .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_12880 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Predrag
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Kamberović, Željko
AU  - Tasić, Miloš
PY  - 2004
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/666
AB  - Mechanically induced self-propagating reaction in planetary ball mill was realized in three different systems, CaWO4 (scheelite) + Mg, CuO + Ti and CuO + Zr. An influence of a ball diameter (from 5 to 41.2 mm) at three different angular velocities (170, 200 and 230 min" ) on the ignition time (time required for initiating reaction by self-propagating combustion wave) was investigated. A significant influence of mechanochemical treatment parameters to the ignition time was observed. Generally, increasing angular velocity of the supported disc and ball diameter up to 16mm causes shortening of the ignition time to initiate reaction. Further increasing of ball diameter have no significant effect on time needed to initiate the reaction. Ignition time show exponential decay as a function of the kinetic energy of single ball. Changes in chemical composition, structure and morphology was examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The tungsten powder was obtained by leaching reaction products of the system CaWO4+Mg. Existence of spherical copper particles in reaction products in either CuO+Ti and CuO+Zr system indicates that reaction temperature exceeds the melting temperature of copper.
AB  - Mehanički je inicirana samorasprostiruća reakcija u planetarnom mlinu u tri različita sistema, CaWO4 (šelit) + Mg, CuO + Ti i CuO + Zr. Ispitan je uticaj prečnika kugli (od 5 do 41,2 mm) pri tri različite ugaone brzine osnovnog diska (170, 200 i 230 min" ) na vreme iniciranja reakcije (vreme potrebno da se inicira reakcija samo-rasprosturućeg talasa sagorevanja). Primećen je znatan uticaj parametara mehano-hemijskog tretmana na vreme neophodno za iniciranje reakcije. Generalno, povećanje brzine obrtanja osnovnog diska i prečnika kugli do 16 mm dovodi do skraćenja vremena potrebnog za iniciranje reakcije. Dalje povećanje prečnika kugli nema značajnijeg uticaja na vreme potrebno za iniciranje reakcije. Vreme iniciranja je pokazalo eksponencijalnu opadajuću zavisnost od kinetičke energije pojedinačne kugle. Promene u hemijskom sastavu, strukturi i morfologiji praćene su rentgenskom difrakcijom i skanirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom. Prah volframa dobijen je luženjem produkata reakcije sistema CaWO4 + Mg. Prisustvo sfernih čestica bakra u produktima reakcija u sistemima CuO + Ti i CuO + Zr ukazuje da reakciona temperatura premašuje temperaturu topljenja bakra.
PB  - Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Metalurgija
T1  - Influence of milling parameters on the preparation of fine tungsten and copper powders by mechanically induced self-propagating reaction
T1  - Uticaj parametara mlevenja na dobijanje finih prahova volframa i bakra mehanički iniciranom samorasprostirućom reakcijom
EP  - 352
IS  - 4
SP  - 343
VL  - 10
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_666
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Predrag and Zdujić, Miodrag and Kamberović, Željko and Tasić, Miloš",
year = "2004",
abstract = "Mechanically induced self-propagating reaction in planetary ball mill was realized in three different systems, CaWO4 (scheelite) + Mg, CuO + Ti and CuO + Zr. An influence of a ball diameter (from 5 to 41.2 mm) at three different angular velocities (170, 200 and 230 min" ) on the ignition time (time required for initiating reaction by self-propagating combustion wave) was investigated. A significant influence of mechanochemical treatment parameters to the ignition time was observed. Generally, increasing angular velocity of the supported disc and ball diameter up to 16mm causes shortening of the ignition time to initiate reaction. Further increasing of ball diameter have no significant effect on time needed to initiate the reaction. Ignition time show exponential decay as a function of the kinetic energy of single ball. Changes in chemical composition, structure and morphology was examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The tungsten powder was obtained by leaching reaction products of the system CaWO4+Mg. Existence of spherical copper particles in reaction products in either CuO+Ti and CuO+Zr system indicates that reaction temperature exceeds the melting temperature of copper., Mehanički je inicirana samorasprostiruća reakcija u planetarnom mlinu u tri različita sistema, CaWO4 (šelit) + Mg, CuO + Ti i CuO + Zr. Ispitan je uticaj prečnika kugli (od 5 do 41,2 mm) pri tri različite ugaone brzine osnovnog diska (170, 200 i 230 min" ) na vreme iniciranja reakcije (vreme potrebno da se inicira reakcija samo-rasprosturućeg talasa sagorevanja). Primećen je znatan uticaj parametara mehano-hemijskog tretmana na vreme neophodno za iniciranje reakcije. Generalno, povećanje brzine obrtanja osnovnog diska i prečnika kugli do 16 mm dovodi do skraćenja vremena potrebnog za iniciranje reakcije. Dalje povećanje prečnika kugli nema značajnijeg uticaja na vreme potrebno za iniciranje reakcije. Vreme iniciranja je pokazalo eksponencijalnu opadajuću zavisnost od kinetičke energije pojedinačne kugle. Promene u hemijskom sastavu, strukturi i morfologiji praćene su rentgenskom difrakcijom i skanirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom. Prah volframa dobijen je luženjem produkata reakcije sistema CaWO4 + Mg. Prisustvo sfernih čestica bakra u produktima reakcija u sistemima CuO + Ti i CuO + Zr ukazuje da reakciona temperatura premašuje temperaturu topljenja bakra.",
publisher = "Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Metalurgija",
title = "Influence of milling parameters on the preparation of fine tungsten and copper powders by mechanically induced self-propagating reaction, Uticaj parametara mlevenja na dobijanje finih prahova volframa i bakra mehanički iniciranom samorasprostirućom reakcijom",
pages = "352-343",
number = "4",
volume = "10",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_666"
}

Živanović, P., Zdujić, M., Kamberović, Ž.,& Tasić, M.. (2004). Influence of milling parameters on the preparation of fine tungsten and copper powders by mechanically induced self-propagating reaction. in Metalurgija
Savez inženjera metalurgije Srbije, Beograd., 10(4), 343-352.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_666

Živanović P, Zdujić M, Kamberović Ž, Tasić M. Influence of milling parameters on the preparation of fine tungsten and copper powders by mechanically induced self-propagating reaction. in Metalurgija. 2004;10(4):343-352.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_666 .

Živanović, Predrag, Zdujić, Miodrag, Kamberović, Željko, Tasić, Miloš, "Influence of milling parameters on the preparation of fine tungsten and copper powders by mechanically induced self-propagating reaction" in Metalurgija, 10, no. 4 (2004):343-352,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_technorep_666 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krstajić, Nedeljko V.
AU  - Grgur, Branimir
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Vojnović, MV
AU  - Jaksić, MM
PY  - 1997
UR  - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/138
AB  - The kinetics and mechanism of hydrogen evolution at Ti-Ni alloy electrodes prepared by are-melting and mechanical alloying methods has been studied by means of AC impedance spectrum measurements. The electrode, prepared by mechanical alloying (porous electrode), after activation in a 10% HF solution, is very active despite its large Tafel slope. The SEM studies show a formation of deep pores on the electrode surface. The rate constants of the forward and backward reactions of the corresponding steps were estimated by a nonlinear fitting method. It has been found that the overall reaction proceeds through a Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism.
PB  - Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Journal of Alloys and Compounds
T1  - Kinetic properties of the Ti-Ni intermetallic phases and alloys for hydrogen evolution
EP  - 252
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 245
VL  - 257
DO  - 10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00018-2
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krstajić, Nedeljko V. and Grgur, Branimir and Zdujić, Miodrag and Vojnović, MV and Jaksić, MM",
year = "1997",
abstract = "The kinetics and mechanism of hydrogen evolution at Ti-Ni alloy electrodes prepared by are-melting and mechanical alloying methods has been studied by means of AC impedance spectrum measurements. The electrode, prepared by mechanical alloying (porous electrode), after activation in a 10% HF solution, is very active despite its large Tafel slope. The SEM studies show a formation of deep pores on the electrode surface. The rate constants of the forward and backward reactions of the corresponding steps were estimated by a nonlinear fitting method. It has been found that the overall reaction proceeds through a Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Journal of Alloys and Compounds",
title = "Kinetic properties of the Ti-Ni intermetallic phases and alloys for hydrogen evolution",
pages = "252-245",
number = "1-2",
volume = "257",
doi = "10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00018-2"
}

Krstajić, N. V., Grgur, B., Zdujić, M., Vojnović, M.,& Jaksić, M.. (1997). Kinetic properties of the Ti-Ni intermetallic phases and alloys for hydrogen evolution. in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne., 257(1-2), 245-252.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00018-2

Krstajić NV, Grgur B, Zdujić M, Vojnović M, Jaksić M. Kinetic properties of the Ti-Ni intermetallic phases and alloys for hydrogen evolution. in Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 1997;257(1-2):245-252.
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00018-2 .

Krstajić, Nedeljko V., Grgur, Branimir, Zdujić, Miodrag, Vojnović, MV, Jaksić, MM, "Kinetic properties of the Ti-Ni intermetallic phases and alloys for hydrogen evolution" in Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 257, no. 1-2 (1997):245-252,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00018-2 . .