Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil at a Former Painting Industry Facility
2020
Аутори
Radomirović, MilenaĆirović, Željko
Maksin, Danijela
Bakić, Tamara
Lukić, Jelena
Stanković, Slavka
Onjia, Antonije
Чланак у часопису (Објављена верзија)
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о документуАпстракт
Soil samples from the site of the former largest paint and varnish factory in ex-Yugoslavia were analyzed for arsenic and eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Hg). Several additional soil properties (pH, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water content) were also measured. Multivariate analysis showed strong correlations between Pb and Zn; and a moderate correlation between Cu and Ni. There was no correlation between heavy metals and any of the analyzed soil properties parameters. A factor analysis grouped most heavy metals, except Cd, which showed different behavior, and Fe and As, which associated with soil properties. The soil samples were clustered into two distinctive groups. Positive matrix factorization receptor modeling clearly identified Zn and Pb as belonging to the traffic vehicle factor. The second factor dominating arsenic was industrial chemical emissions, while the third factor containing most of the heavy metals was attributed to natural background variati...on. The last non-metallic factor, dominated by sulfur, was the result of past activities in the paint facility. The average enrichment factor values were for the metals analyzed were: 0.73; 0.71; 2.4; 0.58; 2.3; 0.87; 1.6; and 0.76; for Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, As, and Hg, respectively. Only moderate soil enrichment by Pb and Zn was found. The geoaccumulation index values showed a moderately polluted soil with Pb and Zn, but most contributing to the ecological risk were Cd with 63% and Hg with 19%. These two metals are of major concern in this case study due to their high toxicity, even though they are present at very low concentrations. Generally, a moderate ecological risk was estimated for most soil samples, except for a small number of high-risk samples. Spatial distribution mapped three severely polluted sub-areas. In general, the paint and varnish industry moderately contributes to the contamination of soil. The main ecological risk from metal contamination is not related to the paint technological production process itself, but from other activities at the site that deposit of heavy metals into the soil.
Кључне речи:
trace elements / enrichment / geoaccumulation / PCA / GIS / PMFИзвор:
Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2020, 8Издавач:
- Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne
Финансирање / пројекти:
- Министарство науке, технолошког развоја и иновација Републике Србије, институционално финансирање - 200135 (Универзитет у Београду, Технолошко-металуршки факултет) (RS-MESTD-inst-2020-200135)
DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.560415
ISSN: 2296-665X
WoS: 000576234500001
Scopus: 2-s2.0-85092502963
Колекције
Институција/група
Tehnološko-metalurški fakultetTY - JOUR AU - Radomirović, Milena AU - Ćirović, Željko AU - Maksin, Danijela AU - Bakić, Tamara AU - Lukić, Jelena AU - Stanković, Slavka AU - Onjia, Antonije PY - 2020 UR - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4357 AB - Soil samples from the site of the former largest paint and varnish factory in ex-Yugoslavia were analyzed for arsenic and eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Hg). Several additional soil properties (pH, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water content) were also measured. Multivariate analysis showed strong correlations between Pb and Zn; and a moderate correlation between Cu and Ni. There was no correlation between heavy metals and any of the analyzed soil properties parameters. A factor analysis grouped most heavy metals, except Cd, which showed different behavior, and Fe and As, which associated with soil properties. The soil samples were clustered into two distinctive groups. Positive matrix factorization receptor modeling clearly identified Zn and Pb as belonging to the traffic vehicle factor. The second factor dominating arsenic was industrial chemical emissions, while the third factor containing most of the heavy metals was attributed to natural background variation. The last non-metallic factor, dominated by sulfur, was the result of past activities in the paint facility. The average enrichment factor values were for the metals analyzed were: 0.73; 0.71; 2.4; 0.58; 2.3; 0.87; 1.6; and 0.76; for Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, As, and Hg, respectively. Only moderate soil enrichment by Pb and Zn was found. The geoaccumulation index values showed a moderately polluted soil with Pb and Zn, but most contributing to the ecological risk were Cd with 63% and Hg with 19%. These two metals are of major concern in this case study due to their high toxicity, even though they are present at very low concentrations. Generally, a moderate ecological risk was estimated for most soil samples, except for a small number of high-risk samples. Spatial distribution mapped three severely polluted sub-areas. In general, the paint and varnish industry moderately contributes to the contamination of soil. The main ecological risk from metal contamination is not related to the paint technological production process itself, but from other activities at the site that deposit of heavy metals into the soil. PB - Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Science T1 - Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil at a Former Painting Industry Facility VL - 8 DO - 10.3389/fenvs.2020.560415 ER -
@article{ author = "Radomirović, Milena and Ćirović, Željko and Maksin, Danijela and Bakić, Tamara and Lukić, Jelena and Stanković, Slavka and Onjia, Antonije", year = "2020", abstract = "Soil samples from the site of the former largest paint and varnish factory in ex-Yugoslavia were analyzed for arsenic and eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Hg). Several additional soil properties (pH, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water content) were also measured. Multivariate analysis showed strong correlations between Pb and Zn; and a moderate correlation between Cu and Ni. There was no correlation between heavy metals and any of the analyzed soil properties parameters. A factor analysis grouped most heavy metals, except Cd, which showed different behavior, and Fe and As, which associated with soil properties. The soil samples were clustered into two distinctive groups. Positive matrix factorization receptor modeling clearly identified Zn and Pb as belonging to the traffic vehicle factor. The second factor dominating arsenic was industrial chemical emissions, while the third factor containing most of the heavy metals was attributed to natural background variation. The last non-metallic factor, dominated by sulfur, was the result of past activities in the paint facility. The average enrichment factor values were for the metals analyzed were: 0.73; 0.71; 2.4; 0.58; 2.3; 0.87; 1.6; and 0.76; for Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, As, and Hg, respectively. Only moderate soil enrichment by Pb and Zn was found. The geoaccumulation index values showed a moderately polluted soil with Pb and Zn, but most contributing to the ecological risk were Cd with 63% and Hg with 19%. These two metals are of major concern in this case study due to their high toxicity, even though they are present at very low concentrations. Generally, a moderate ecological risk was estimated for most soil samples, except for a small number of high-risk samples. Spatial distribution mapped three severely polluted sub-areas. In general, the paint and varnish industry moderately contributes to the contamination of soil. The main ecological risk from metal contamination is not related to the paint technological production process itself, but from other activities at the site that deposit of heavy metals into the soil.", publisher = "Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne", journal = "Frontiers in Environmental Science", title = "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil at a Former Painting Industry Facility", volume = "8", doi = "10.3389/fenvs.2020.560415" }
Radomirović, M., Ćirović, Ž., Maksin, D., Bakić, T., Lukić, J., Stanković, S.,& Onjia, A.. (2020). Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil at a Former Painting Industry Facility. in Frontiers in Environmental Science Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne., 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560415
Radomirović M, Ćirović Ž, Maksin D, Bakić T, Lukić J, Stanković S, Onjia A. Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil at a Former Painting Industry Facility. in Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2020;8. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.560415 .
Radomirović, Milena, Ćirović, Željko, Maksin, Danijela, Bakić, Tamara, Lukić, Jelena, Stanković, Slavka, Onjia, Antonije, "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil at a Former Painting Industry Facility" in Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560415 . .